NEW ARCH-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

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2021-06-25T13:41:33+00:00

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Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Small & Medium Enterprises’ (SMEs) Success in Sri Lanka: Special Reference to Eastern Province

2021-06-25T13:48:16+00:00

It is an ongoing argument always that Entrepreneurs are said to be "born, not made." Many successful entrepreneurs do indeed share a set of personal characteristics. Successful entrepreneurs have particular abilities and qualities that enable them to overcome challenges and pursue their ambitions. Though there are no clear studies on the topic, the image is likely dismal as it is aggravated by the challenging business environment in Sri Lanka. This was found to be accurate by determining that majority of behavioral traits associated with entrepreneurship are genetic and hardwired. Studies have discovered that there is some genetic basis for entrepreneurial instincts and. Nevertheless, this study aims to investigate the four vital entrepreneurial characteristics that influence the success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Sri Lanka. A structured questionnaire was used to reap the data from a sample of 296 SMEs actively operating in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM-AMOS) was used to analyze the data. The study's findings discovered that entrepreneurs' characteristics play a substantial role in SMEs performance and success. In addition, Entrepreneriul Traits like Motivation & Goal Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientationhave a larger role in influencing SMEs successss than the traits of Social Networks and Risk-Taking Propensity. The finding suggests that Goal Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation are inevitable characteristics that must be developed by Sri Lankan Entrepreneurs. The Social Network was one of the vital characteristics of entrepreneurs, which greatly associate with SMEs' success. As usual, this study strongly recommends and brings robust findings that entrepreneurs must be risk-taker to lead the firm for greater success. Moreover, this study also contributes to the entrepreneurship and SMEs literature, and implication supports policymakers to include these characteristics in the policy decision. Finally, this novel work assists academics and Universities in adopting the findings into the Universities’ curriculum.

Occupational Stress and Nursing Officer’s Job Performance: An Empirical Study at Base Hospitals in Kalmunai Regional Director of Health Services Region

2021-06-25T13:50:43+00:00

This research goal of this survey is to examine the effect of nursing officers’occupational stress on their work performance in Base Hospitals located in Kalmunai Regional Director of Health Services region.In order to achieve these objectives data were collected from 196 nursing officers from selected four Base Hospitals by using structured questionnaire.The research framework of study consists of 6variables of occupational stress such as demand, control, support, relationship, role, change which were expected to influence on worker performance.Findings revealed that there is negative connection between occupational stress and job performance among the nursing officers. Demand, change, relationship, support and control were the major factors for occupational stress than role. Change, support, role, control and relationship impact more on work performance than demand. The findings will immensely contribute to the service sector organization like hospitals to implement policies and actions over the nursing officers to enhance their performance by means of reducing the occupational stress.

The Convergence between the Arts of Architecture & Sculpture

2021-06-25T13:54:22+00:00

Architecture is a fascinating form of art as it incorporates both scientific and artistic qualities. The art of architecture fuses many other arts such as painting, decoration, handcrafting... and especially sculpture.

During the transition between the handcraft and theindustrial eras, avant-garde artists, who had a transcendent vision of the abstract world, advocated foran artistic language of geometrical shapes, in response to the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. They argued that photography hadovershadowed Classical Art, where realistic depiction of objects was once dominantly important. Perspectives, lines, shapes, volumes, and the play of shadows and light used to be very effective tools. In this paper, we will be presenting about the convergence of sculpture and architecturein contemporary art.

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2021-06-25T13:56:23+00:00

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2021-06-25T13:58:33+00:00

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2021-06-25T14:01:51+00:00

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Leadership's Influence on Organizational Culture and Sustainability Development- A Review.

2021-06-25T14:04:21+00:00

Sustainable development has arisen as a field of applied research across multi‐discipline. Sustainable leadership is another area of viable leadership, which has been set up as of late to adapt to issues identified with sustainable development. Regarding the leadership style and organizational culture, this review explains the various aspect for sustainable leadership into sustainable execution and dynamic theories which could figure out how to sustainable leadership make the sustainable organization.The current review offered an in‐depth literature view, dynamic leadership, and sustainable development. Successful administration advices are proposed for organizations experiencing sustainable development challenges.This paper also describes the important leadership studies which are relevant to future research into policy and practice for sustainable development of the organization.

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2021-06-25T14:06:01+00:00

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Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with over burnt bricks bats for Preparation of Concrete.

2021-06-25T14:07:56+00:00

Concrete is considered the world’s most used construction material. Typical concrete mixtures are comprised of water, sand, cement and an aggregate of rock. This project focuses on the coarse aggregate in concrete. The other material will be used to replace the coarse aggregate of rock in typical concrete. This will include burn brick. This material was chosen because of their availability. The burn brick is available from brick manufacturing area. Also in brick-making, a large number of bricks are rejected due to non-conformity with the required specifications. One such major nonconformity is the distorted form of brick produced due to the uneven temperature control in the kiln. These rejected bricks can also be a potential source of coarse aggregate. This would not only make good use of the otherwise waste material but would also help alleviate disposal problems. This project presents the effects of over burnt brick bat inclusion on the mechanical properties of concrete matrix in wet and hardened state properties. For checking mechanical properties of over burnt brick bat based concrete used partially replacement overburnt brick bat to coarse aggregate.

The state of the art on ferrocement and its application in silo

2021-06-25T14:10:00+00:00

The industrial world depends very much on the extent of handling operation of solids. Due to the increase of bulk tonnage, there is an ongoing need for more efficient and higher-capacity storage system. Procedure of more sophisticated analysis and design are continuing necessity. Significant development in ferrocement (FC) is the demand of future in designing FCsilo for industrial world.Over the last few years FC has acquired structural popularity in respect of its betterperformance andadaptability. It is not only preferred in housing sector, but its potential is also being consistentlyinvestigated for its industrial use. FC is useful in evaluating and designing the FC silo. Various silo codes that are used worldwide do not cover many common load cases. A comprehensive literature survey presented in this article indicates the need of new design criteria to enhance the stability and to reduce the overall cost of silo.

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2021-06-25T14:11:46+00:00

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Empowering ML Work-Flow with DevOps within Micro Service Architecture and Deploying A Hybrid-Multi Cloud, Maintaining CI/CD Pipeline: An Open Shift Orchestration of ML-OPS

2021-06-25T17:40:48+00:00

Machine Learning happens to be one of most used cutting edge technology in present era. The heart of any Machine Learning application is actually the ML model. A ML model is basically a file, which is an outcome of training over a datasets, done so as to recognize various sorts of patterns. Training the model involves different steps which is known as ML Workflow. This workflow involves manual interaction for various purposes and one such purpose is hyper-parameter tuning. This manual interaction bring a lot of delay in production of ML based application in industries which is absolutely not tolerable. This issue is similar to the software development issue which was resolved by adopting DevOps workflow. DevOps works on automation of processes as much as possible by using automating tools and reduces the human interaction at every possible point. By integrating DevOps with ML workflow, we can achieve automation in ML pipeline for creating models and further it can also be extended till deployment and monitoring. In our research, we did an in-depth anatomy of ML workflow and tried to inspect every single point where we can bring automation and successfully minimized human interaction. Ultimately, we ended up modelling a ML-Ops based application encrypting it end-to-end with DevOps. For instance, in our project, we made a heart disease predictor model and deployed it in a hybrid multi cloud and orchestrated it using RedHatOpenShift.

Numerical Simulation and Performance Assessment of Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Based Request Scheduling in Edge Computing for IOT Applications

2021-06-25T17:47:31+00:00

Recent advancements in the cost, performance, and energy efficiency of IoT devices, network technologies (such as 5G), and distributed computing architectures have resulted in the explosive growth of the Internet and mobile connectivity, resulting in new distributed applications in areas like transportation, healthcare, mining, entertainment, and security, such as automated vehicles, augmented reality, and security. As a result, data has grown at an unprecedented rate, and the relevance of latency and regulation in data processing and management has increased. The new distributed applications may have bandwidth-hungry qualities (video surveillance, video conferencing, traffic monitoring), latency-critical characteristics (automated cars, robotic surgery, safety), and may produce activity spikes in specific locations or times (sporting events). High availability, minimal jitter, and security may be required by applications. Mobile edge computing (MEC) and ultradense computing (UDC) are becoming more crucial in the 5G future as the demands on compute and enormous data flows from the Internet of Things (IoT) increase. As a viable approach, task offloading provides Mobile users in the future will benefit from reduced latency and flexible processing. UDEC is a network of universities and colleges. However, due to the restricted computing resources available at the university, It is made possible by edge clouds and the dynamic demands of mobile users. It's difficult to assign compute demands to the right edge clouds. To accomplish this, we must first define the transmission power. a problem of allocation (PA) for mobile users to save energy consumption). Then we create a model of the joint problem. as a mixed integer request offloading and resource scheduling (JRORS) nonlinear programme to reduce the time it takes for a response requests. The JRORS problem can be broken down into two parts. Specifically, the request offloading (RO) and computing problems. The challenge of resource scheduling (RS). As a result, we investigate as a dual decision-making dilemma, the JRORS problem and suggest a multi-objective optimization method based on MO-PSO, also known as improved particle swarm optimization. The outcomes of the simulation demonstrate that PSO can reduce transmission energy usage on the other hand, has a good convergence property. In terms of reaction rate, it exceeds existing methodologies. It can maintain a high level of performance in a fast-paced UDEC network.

Ir Research on the Benefits of Learning Japanese in Experience Education in Universities in Ho Chi Minh City

2021-06-26T08:27:23+00:00

The twentieth century is the time when the application of education officially begins in the direction of experiential activities and is realized by progressive-minded educators. It can be said that the Vietnamese education system is gradually applying this method to help learners from elementary school to high school students to apply the knowledge that learners have experienced themselves to apply in the classroom. in a more productive and proactive way. With the desire to find out the great benefits and to be able to apply Japanese language learning in the long-term in the direction of experiential activities, this article is completed based on the results of a survey from 20 students. study Japanese at universities in Ho Chi Minh City. The results show that the majority of students feel that learning Japanese in the direction of experiential activities will be a very good and useful method when learning hard skills and soft skills to be more active in learning and useful. going to work in the future.

Confucianism in Han Nom Books of Vietnam

2021-06-26T08:29:23+00:00

Under the feudal dynasties of Vietnam, Confucianism used to hold an important position in fields such as politics, culture, history, etc. To spread the values of Confucianism, many documents of Confucianism have been printed and released; including documents on Han Nom character (a type of script developed by the Vietnamese on the basis of Han characters). Historically, documents of this kind have been very heavily printed and stored in the court and widely disseminated among the people. Through the ups and downs of history, these documents gradually disappear and are still very few today. These are valuable documents that help researchers to learn more clearly about the contents of Confucianism and its influence in history. Recognizing that importance, on the basis of studying Han Nom documents on Confucianism still in existence up to this date, comparing and comparing with the works of previous, this study determined the contents of Confucianism recorded in Han Nom documents, thereby determining the prices basic values of Confucianism and Han Nom documents in history and present.

Design Strategies for Healing Environments and Workplaces: A Theoretical Framework

2021-06-26T08:31:34+00:00

The purpose of this paper is constructs a theoretical framework for designing healing environments by drawing from existing research. Approach ofthe paper is surveys the literature on how elements of design have been brought to bear on healing. This effort leads to a holistic approach that considers multiple dimensions of healing as both an individual and social process. Findingsof the paper is harnesses that knowledge to provide a theoretical framework based on three design strategies: 1) supporting strategies that use specific elements to reinforce physical health, vital life energy, and psychological well-being; 2) balancing strategies that are oriented toward harmonizing those elements; and 3) nourishing strategies that address emotions, spiritual life, and the soul. Originality in summary, this paper traces efforts to harmonize individual human health with the built environment across time and uses related knowledge to crystallize a new theoretical framework. It is hoped that this survey of the literature may add to holistic and systemic understandings of healing environments.

Hosseini’s Diversions of Multiculturalism in Afghanistan ‘The Kite Runner’

2021-06-27T09:28:21+00:00

‘The Kite Runner’ (2006) shows the people of Afghanistan, this country seems to be an internal disease, or it may be an external invasion. It shows us how the Afghans who arrived in the United States survived hard work and maintained their cultural status in the multiculturalism. If he had received some education in the United States and learned to integrate with the life of a typical American, he managed to get out of this predicament. This novel allows readers to understand multiculturalism from several viewpoints adopted in the course of this chapter. People have seen how various spaces on the surface of the earth are designated for different cultures. Only when a kite is flying in the sky can it not be affected by cultural and ethnic barriers. One of Hosseini’s great insights in "The Kite Runner" and "A thousand Splendid Suns" and the relationship between male and female characters in Afghan society Imbalance is related. Men and women complete human life together and no gender contribution will lead to demonic survival, just like what is happening in this country. In Afghanistan, women are nothing but a tool for giving birth and providing support for men. They are not in the country’s decision-making or administrative institutions. In theory, multiculturalism strives for the respect and human rights of everyone. In this case, men and women should enjoy some kind of equality. Therefore, the novel uses Afghanistan as an antonym of the American multicultural society.

Are Parents Responsible for their Children’s Misbehavior? A Study on Beyond Control Children from Legal Perspective

2021-06-28T17:29:58+00:00

Beyond control children are normally those who frequently disobey their parents’ lawful instructions which caused the parents unable to control them, for example absence from school, coming home late, running away from home, smoking and alcohol consumption. They do not commit crimes nor being the victims of abuse or negligence of parents. Previous studies showed that the main reason which contributes towards the uncontrolled behavior goes back to the family itself since children spend most of their time at home and parents possessed the main responsibility to raise, nurture and educate them. However, should the parents bear the responsibility for their children’s misbehavior or disobedience? If yes, to what extend? Thus, this study is conducted to analyze the parental responsibility towards their children particularly in the context of beyond control children from the legal perspective. This study employed library research method for data collection through the analysis of primary and secondary documents including court cases, statutes, international conventions, books, journals, conference proceedings, and other periodicals. This study found that parents bear the responsibility for their children’s misbehaviour including beyond control behavior and bound to perform all of the court orders for the purpose of rehabilitating their children. The rationale behind this is because the misbehavior of the children was attributable to the mistake, careless or weakness of the parents in raising and controlling them. However, it is not a form of punishment to parents but rather a joint-venture measure with the government for the best interest of the children.

China-ASEAN Disputes on South China Sea and the Implication of US Involvement

2021-06-28T17:31:54+00:00

The current development in the South China Sea (SCS) between China and United States has become a competing and flexing muscles field with various naval military technologies. China laid claims to large swathes of sea and land formations amounts to over three quarter of the whole South China Sea. The United States and consideredChinese claims illegal in International Law of the Sea. As a result, US increased the frequency of its Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOPS) on SCS.The roles played by South China Sea in economy and security are so significant to the region and the world, it was estimated at US$5 trillion per annual. Tensions and confrontation seems dangerous to the smoothness and peaceful navigation of the sea at present, especially, at the time when the world is experiencing the presence of Covid-19 pandemic at every level. As such, the paper is investigated various disputes between China and the ASEAN counterparts on South China Sea. It will further shed light on the reason why various early measures have failed to resolve the issue, the implication of the US involvement, and weather such involvement is also supported by ASEAN. Analytical and historical methods are applied in carrying out the research. The research found that the SCS remained a difficult issue to merely resolved, hence the unity of ASEAN to make concrete decision is not feasible, while the position of US is also unpredictable. It is recommended that the Unity of ASEAN with one voice is paramount to solution to SCS otherwise, the danger of using the region as a war zone will be imminent.

Constitutionality of Compulsory Childhood Vaccination

2021-06-28T17:33:15+00:00

Vaccination is the main health intervention to reduce child mortality. Despite the success of vaccination, there has been an increase in the number of vaccine hesitancy, especially among parents. Hesitation towards vaccination especially among parents has resorted to certain countries enforcing compulsory childhood vaccination laws. The same scenario happened in Malaysia, which may necessitate the Ministry of Health to make vaccination compulsory for children as to protect them against vaccine preventable diseases and for the benefit of the society as a whole. This article discusses the imposition of compulsory vaccination under the purview of constitutional rights of the state. The main discussion will revolve around the requirement of compulsory vaccination of children and the constitutional justifications for the state in imposing such compulsory requirements under the law. This paper seeks to examine the constitutionality of enforcing compulsory vaccination for children in Malaysia. Therefore for the purpose of this article, the vaccination law as implemented in the United States will be referred. At the end of this article, some recommendations are proposed in relation to the drafting of a legal framework on compulsory childhood vaccination in Malaysia. This article employs a doctrinal analysis and secondary data from academic journals and online databases.

Enhancing Social Entrepreneurship in theDigital Age: Legal Framework for Special Tax Treatment for Social Enterprise Business Entity

2021-06-28T17:34:49+00:00

The quick-moving improvement in the digital economy gives incredible assets to the present social and environmental difficulties. In the midst of thedigital traffic, social enterprises are critical to the economy as it makes the independence of revenue driven organizations and the impetuses of market influences to bear on worldwide social issues such that neither pure capitalism nor pure charity has been able to match.Good tax policies can play an important role in delivering the results that Malaysia has set itself when it comes to digital economy. Tax presents one of the significant issues for social entrepreneurs in operating their business as a social enterprise because operating as business entity imposes them with similar tax treatment to traditional business entities. In Malaysia, social enterprises (SE) which operate via corporate entity are imposed with corporation tax, which is up to 24%. In 2019, Malaysia introduced an accreditation guideline for SE which qualify it for several advantages. Although this is a positive move taken by the government to recognize social enterprises, it is not resolving the issue of taxation for social enterprises as SE still need to pay taxation similar to commercial entities despite that revenue and profit of the businesses are mainly allocated for social good. In developed countries such as in the UK and the USA, there is a special tax scheme/ treatment given to the SE.This article discussed a proposed legal framework for a special tax treatment for social enterprises in Malaysia to encourage more social enterprises businesses practices in this country. Such proposal can be materialized by utilizing the existence Income Tax Act 1967 but with a modification on the tax legal framework for business entities and charitable organizations. Research methodology applied in this paper are the doctrinal and statutory analysis.

Forced Displaced Rohingya: Discouraged or Welcomed Community in Malaysia

2021-06-28T17:36:33+00:00

Myanmar, also known as Burma, gained its independence from Britain in 1948 and was ruled by the military junta from 1962 until it was dissolved after the election in 2010. A new political atmosphere has marked the transition from military rule to civilian government in 2011, on the hands of President Thein Sein. Myanmar and Rohingya issue are not a new to the global world in term of humanitarian crisis. People were aware about the Rohingya became a stranger from their origin country and some might question why it was happened and some might just agree that Myanmar is a cruel government for ignored their own people. This paper describes on how the story begin and why the Rohingya was expelled from their own country even though they were able to prove their citizenship. Broadly speaking, Rohingya is an ethnic-patterned Muslim group that originated from northern Rakhine, the western part of Myanmar that was once called Arakan. But ironically Rohingyas rarely get the attention of the local government. By that reason, most of Rohingya flee to the other countries to find protection. This paper will examine on how the Malaysia as a host country react to their situation. Finally. This paper will elaborate about the future of the Rohingya in Malaysia.

Unfair Terms and Conditions in E-Commerce: Special References to Online Booking of Accommodation Contracts

2021-06-28T17:38:14+00:00

There are five major market segments in e-commerce, namely Business-to-Business (B2B), Business-to-Consumer (B2C), Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C), Consumer-to-Business (C2B) and Business-to-Government (B2G). Some researcher includes Mobile-Commerce (M-Commerce) as an e-commerce segment, while the most recent e-commerce introduces is Social-Commerce (S-Commerce). One of the industries that use e-commerce extensively in the tourism business and booking accommodation online is one of the most common features of today’s way of vacationing. In online booking of accommodation, the standard terms and standard form contracts are generally used to legalize the transactions and consumers have to agree all the standard terms prior to payment and finalizing the transaction. Such a mechanism is prone to the inclusion of unfair contract terms.Unfair contract terms are terms which may unfairly exclude or limit liabilities in a contract and such terms are legal and binding if agreed and accepted by the contractual parties. In Malaysia, the unfair contract terms are not regulated under the Contracts Act 1950 but the Consumer Protection Act 1999 (Part IIIA) have provisions which protects consumer against unfair contract terms.This paper adopts qualitative and doctrinal research to examine the principles, application and effort of unfair contract terms in online booking of accommodation agreement and discuss whether the existing provision in CPA 1999 are sufficient to protect consumers against unfair terms in accommodation’s online booking contracts. For the purpose of discussion in this paper, references are only made to online terms and contract used by Agoda and Booking.com.

Islamic Banking System: The Application and Challenges from The Malaysian Law Perspective

2021-06-28T17:39:41+00:00

The Islamic banking system in Malaysia has gone through continuous improvements from time to time. The system has been getting various recognitions besides serving as a reference to other countries. This study intended to highlight the extent to which the provisions of law for the Islamic banking system is implemented in Malaysia. According to the annual statistical reports, there were several cases in the courts relating to Islamic banking. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the law in handling this issue. The researcher will recommend suitable approaches that can be of benefit to responsible parties or certain bodies in ensuring that the Islamic banking system is Shariah compliance. This study will also provide an overview of the effectiveness of the current law in solving some of the issues related to the current Islamic banking system. The Islamic banking in Malaysia should be Shariah compliance in terms of the implementation and the practice of law in our nation.

Islamic Counting Game: An Interactive Approach as a Teaching and Learning Aid Necessary in Holistic Education for Digital Society 5.0

2021-06-28T17:41:44+00:00

Accounting is one of the important knowledge of Islam. Many verses in the Quran and Hadith debate on accounting. It is a branch of social knowledge that records financial reports on all activities involving finance. Accounting reports are important for the benefits of the public as well as those who are involved in financial and accounting activities. Nonetheless, the calculation methods found in the Fundamental of Islamic Accounting course at UiTM are quite complicated with various concepts and formulas as practiced at various financial institutions. Therefore, this makes it difficult for students to understand and remember every available formula. Thus, students require new teaching and learning tools to facilitate their learning. Hence, teaching and learning aids are highlighted as one of the most recent transformations for computational learning in Islamic accounting.This innovative product is a teaching and learning tool for teaching and learning designed in the form of apps system in line with the needs of the education industry revolution 5.0. This innovative product contains a wide selection of training questions and formulas on the topic of calculating various types of zakat on the property (mal), insurance (takaful), charge (ar-rahnu) and various types of Islamic banking financing. The main objective of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of learning through the interactive application of Islamic counting games in the classroom. Literature search, documentation of observations, demographic and descriptive methods were also utilised through research surveys, observations and questionnaires on students. These methods were used to collect related data information. The findings reveal that the majority of the students did not know Islamic Counting Game. However, interestingly after the use of Islamic Counting Game in learning, most of them felt that Islamic Counting Game is very good and useful in their studies. Based on the findings, we can infer that the product is accepted and recognised by the students. Thus, it will benefit and impose significant impacts to the students and society as a whole.

Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil using Terrazyme

2021-06-28T17:44:26+00:00

Bio-enzyme is a naturally available non toxic and non flammable liquid enzyme formulation which is fermented from vegetable extracts resulting into the higher soil compaction densities and increases the soil stability. The main functions are catalyzing the reactions between the clay and the organic cations and to increase the speed of the cationic exchange process. It can be mixed with water at optimum moisture content and then it is sprayed over compacted soil. In present study, black cotton soil with varying index properties have been tested for stabilization process and the strengths of the stabilized soil were evaluated after the curing period of 0 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days for various enzyme quantities 200ml/3m3, 200ml/2.5m3, 200ml/2m3, 200ml/1.5m3. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test and Unconfined Compressive strength (UCS) test done for the soil specimen. From the test results, it is clear that bio-enzyme stabilization improves the strength of black cotton soil up to great extent, which indicate the bearing capacity and the resistance to deformation increases in case of stabilized soil. An attempt has been made to study the properties of soil modified with the bio-enzyme, in order to use this technology for cricket pitch as well as low volume roads. Based on laboratory findings, field trials were carried out by using bio-enzyme in some of roads in India. However, in case of leather ball cricket pitch in schools and college, it gets damaged due to weathering action mostly rain and use of ground for multiple games, and improper maintenance of ground. Bio-enzyme Terrazyme stabilized the pitch soil and increases the durability of pitch.

An Innovative Ground Improvement Technique using Human Hairs and Sodium Polyacrylate

2021-06-28T17:45:44+00:00

In this modern era of rapid development, solid waste has emerged as a great challenge due to its increased rate of generation. The accumulation of solid waste is very hazardous to the environment as well as human health. Disposal of solid waste is one of the serious global issues faced by the world. So, we have tried to utilize human hairs which form a part of solid waste, for improving the soil. Our main objective was to find whether solid waste materials such as human airs can contribute to construction industry based upon its suitability. It would prove to be an economical solution when used for reinforcing the soil replacing the conventionally used fibre products. The soil sample has been tested for Atterberg’s consistency limits, compaction test and unconfined compression test. The laboratory tests show that inclusion of human hairs improved the engineering properties of soil. The test using chemical compound sodium polyacrylate with human hairs is not executed till now, but it is under process.

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2021-07-03T03:43:21+00:00

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Historical Sites and Architectures in Thai Nguyen City and Ha Giang Province in Vietnam - Sources for Tourism Development

2021-07-03T15:28:51+00:00

Ha Giang province and Thai Nguyen city are two places where there are lots of historical sites and architecture old town centers and traditional houses, which benefits for cultural and community tourism in the Northern region of Vietnam.

We use in this study qualitative analysis, synthesis and explanatory methods, combined with experimental and observation methods.

We experienced that Vo Nhai is one of the northern mountainous districts with great potential for tourism development, especially archaeological sites of prehistoric and prehistoric periods such as those in Than Sa, Hang Oc. The exploitation of archaeological relics in tourism development in Vo Nhai district not only brings socio-economic benefits but also contributes to preserving and promoting the value of the relics. Also, Dong Van old houses and town center is a good historical and architecture site for visiting trips. Based on these discoveries, we propose some tourism and architecture or archaeological preservation policies.

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2021-07-04T13:46:36+00:00

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Myth as New Voice of Feminism: A Study of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s the Palace of Illusion

2021-07-07T10:17:13+00:00

Writers are constantly lookout for new ideas to integrate into their upcoming projects. Myth exists as a supportive topic that gives the depicted literacy works a huge sense and connection. The usage of myth in English literature has a long and storied history. Reciting mythological stories and conducting reactionary research on mythical stories and characters has now emerged as a new area of research. Feminist, social, and psychodynamic techniques were used by writers to evaluate mythical stories. The stories and characters of the major ancient epic Mahabharata are given new meanings.The epic’s female protagonists are portrayed as perfect examples of endurance and tolerance. Women, on the other hand, are held at the bottom of the social hierarchy. Their presence is downplayed and ignored. However modern writers have redefined, revamped, and reinvented the female protagonists, by giving them a new voice by constructing them powerful, defiant, and self-reliant. ‘The Palace of Illusions’ by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni recounts the story of Draupadi, an exceptional woman. She is the heroine of the novel. Divakaruni, who endowed Mahabharata with the qualities of a woman by telling the story from Draupadi’s perspective,In this case, myth acts as an open forum for women to share their suppressed cries, lifeless dreams, and suppressed emotions. Draupadi’s life and struggles serve as a metaphor for all women, who are all “unexpected” and “uninvited” into this world.

Runge Kutta Method of Order Two for Second-Order Fuzzy Differential Equation

2021-07-07T10:43:36+00:00

The use of fuzzy initial value problems and related uncertain structures is a natural way to model complex systems under uncertainty. In this paper, we study the numerical method of second order fuzzy linear initial value problem using Runge-Kutta method of order two under Strong Generalized Differentiability with triangular and trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers. We present two examples to illustrate accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Tables and Graphs are presented to shows the solution of the proposed method.

A Detailed Analysis on Performance of Electric Vehicle

2021-07-07T10:59:12+00:00

The revolution in automobile industry is made by electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle etc. In next few years ,these technologies will replace conventional vehicle system completely. As the technology evolves very rapidly, research and development in this area is very much required. This article represents a detailed review on variety of electric vehicles. The technological performance review will help researchers to move the research rapidly. In this article the author outlines and formulates a structural framework for understanding the optimality in case of electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle.

Tetra Studio in Architectural Education: A Novel Approach of Communication between Disciplines

2021-07-07T11:00:56+00:00

Architectural Education at its core encompasses several components that are related to diversity in its process of dissemination of knowledge. This discipline of education caters three main domains; knowledge, competency and skill in broad categorization of the core components. In addition to it, the conduct of architectural education also involves some skill sets and competencies, which appear as overlooked attributes. These overlooked attributes have been integrated in the process so minutely that they have almost diminished resulting in the lack of communication of the discipline with other disciplines. The research argues that if some attributes of architectural education are surfaced out in its basic structure then it may serve as a connecting communication tool between other disciplines that are commonly present in the society. This new nomenclature of architectural education tends to resonate with its tendency to exhibit emerging multidisciplinary capacities.

This paper focuses on a novel approach for the conduct of architectural education. This non-conventional approach is somehow knitted in the educational process of architects but has not surfaced out in an organized and structured form. The research adopts qualitative method through a case study in a school of architecture, wherein a structured workshop was conducted. The objectives of the workshop were to explore the different novel methods potentially applicable in the process of architectural education and to develop a viable matrix that can be integrated in the process of education in the discipline of architecture. The findings of research are presented asa proposed matrix of methods to be integrated with each other termed as “Tetra Studio”. This includes information, skill, competence, and knowledge as four components that constitute a basic structure for architectural education. These are translated in the process through four elements namely; research, proposal, verification and implementation. The findings of this research are integrated with the recommendations for a research-driven, competency-basedarchitectural curriculum.

Study on Implementation of Internal Audit Recommendations

2021-07-10T16:08:58+00:00

Background: Internal Audit Function (IAF)in an organisation has to play a very critical role for ensuring right process and controls which in turn affects the level of Corporate Governance (CG). Internal audit role requires it to perform audit of policies, process and controls including the emerging role in enterprise risk management. In performing its role, it comes out with the recommendations on various improvement aspects as well as comments on existing gaps. It is said that IAF also has a consulting role for Executive Management (EM). The reporting of IAF is normally to either the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) or Audit Committee (AC). Most of research suggest that sound governance process advises the IAF reporting should be to AC to maintain independence. This is more important as the execution of implementation recommendations lies with Executive Management (EM). This paper analyses the aspects of implementation of recommendations made by IAF and the challenges it faces in getting the effective and quick implementation.

Purpose/Objective: Organisations and the IAF are facing the challenges of effective implementation of IAF recommendations. While the role evolvement of IAF has made it very critical part of governance process, non-implementation or delayed implementation of recommendation are a cause of concern. This may be due to procedural aspect or due to intentional delay as non-acceptanceof recommendations by EM. Non-acceptance by EM may throw serious governance issue as these may be on account of individual interest within the organisation. While on the broader basis AC do get a feedback on the implementation status of recommendations, but sometime the independence and assessment of this feedback lacks credibility. This paper intends to study aspects which can improve the effective implementation. It also will analyse the possible reason or obstacles which tend to result in problem of non-implementation of IAF recommendations. There is no defined role and responsibility for implementation of IAF recommendations and it lies ultimately to process owners only. The concept of deviation approval of various procedural aspects is in place in many organisations. Presence of these deviations’ approval mechanism is further an issue as approving authority on deviations are made within the EM. The paper analyses that effective implementation will improve the IAF effectiveness.

Methodology:This paper is based on empirical studies done in past on the subject of IAF effectiveness with its linkages with implementation and also an analysis of primary data collected from around 50 senior audit executives and their views on the challenges on implementation of IAF recommendations. The participants were taken from various roles within the audit function. The questions evolved around the views on reasons for non-implementation of IAF recommendation or obstacles created by EM to implement the same.

Findings:Our study finds that there is a need of effective implementation of IAF recommendation and a design of methodology / responsibility matrix is needed. Audit Committee (AC) can play an important role in this process and should set policy and guidelines for timebound implementation of recommendations. Further our study suggests that deviation approvals of any policy should be outside the ambit of EM and must be given to an independent set of departments. Our study also find that AC needs to identify a responsible officer other than EM to monitor and report the status of implementation which should ensure a comprehensive implementation.

Limitations:This research is limited based on Indian context and need to be further tested in global environment. Further the paper is based on a survey on a population of 50 executives in IAF role, which can further be extended in larger varied group including the members from EM to capture their views.

Optimal Operation of Microgrid with Reduced Emission by Using Demand Response Program

2021-07-10T16:19:38+00:00

The Microgrid has gained more attention in the recent years due to the better utilization of renewable energy sources. In Microgrid penetration of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind imposes some difficult challenges in Microgrid operation due to uncertainty in their power generation. Generally Energy Storage Systems (ESS) is used to deal with these challenges. Demand Response Program (DRP) along with Energy Storage Systems can make Microgrid Operation more safe and reliable. Therefore in the presented work a multi-objective optimization model is formulated considering both economical and environmental concern considering demand response program. The Optimization problem is formulated as mixed integer linear programming problem to minimize the Microgrid operation cost as well as to reduce carbon emission simultaneously. For case study an 11-bus grid-connected Microgridis considered and solved in GAMS software using DICOPT solver. Simulation is performed under two scenarios: without and with DRP. The efficiency of the proposed model is validated from the simulation results.

A Deep Learning Approach for Real-Time Defect classification in Skin disease

2021-07-13T12:05:01+00:00

In medical analysis, generally, skin diseases are the one-fourth leading cause of nontoxic disease problem in modern years. This study proposed a high-tech system of classifying skin disease using deep learning-based Visual Geometry Group Network (VGGNet) and CONV architecture that extended with limited changes. The system of the VGGNet model to be improved accuracy and that can work on complex computational devices. The proposed model parameters in the CONV layers and improve preparation time for precise predictions. The proposed model is used MNIST HAM10000 data of images which has 10,015 images and released by ISIC archive and the proposed model has outperformed other methods with more than 92% accuracy. The proposed image processing model performed on the inputs of a dermoscopic image to categorize skin disease using a pre-trained convolutional neural network. Therefore, an automatic approach was applied for this classification task using a deep learning model Fine-Tuned VGG-CNN, to increase the classification performance of CNN in the modeling process.

Design Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Resources for an Isolated Region

2021-07-13T12:10:32+00:00

Demand of electricity is expanding step by step all through world. Due to limited measure of petroleum product it is crucial for structure some new non- renewable energy Sources that can reduce dependence on customary energy assets. A hybrid off-grid renewable energy network may be used to decrease reliance on ordinary energy assets. Streamlining of hybrid framework is a strategy to pick best mix of portion and there cost that can give trashy, strong and amazing elective energy asset. In this paper solar PV system, wind turbine, diesel generator, battery for reserve capacity and converter have been reproduced and advanced for isolated areas. In this system, fundamental wellspring of force is solar sytem and windturbinewhiledieselandbatteriesareusedasreinforcementsupply.HOMERprogramming has been used to recreate off-grid framework and it checks specific and moderate rules of this coordinated framework. In simulation result we can see that 10kW PV panel, 10kW Wind turbine, 15kW Generator, 30 batteries & 15 kW Inverter is optimal answer for this system. This hybridsystemwilldiminishemissionofCO2ofaround22,328Kg/year.

Analysis of Engineering Properties of Expansive Soil Treated with Ferric Chloride and Bagasse Ash

2021-07-20T09:10:44+00:00

Black cotton soil is a representative expansive soil which loses its solidarityin presence of water résultingin swelling of the soil and in absence of water it shows multiple cracks due to shrinkage. Various methods such as Pre-wetting, Limestabilization, Soil replacement etchave been practiced to stabilize such Soils. The study investigated the engineering of properties ofBlack Cotton Soil when stabilized by the combination of bagasse ash and ferric chloride. Basic Index and Engineering properties of the black cotton soil was determined. Bagasse ash varying from 5% to 30% mixed with the soil sample and ferric chloride varying from 0.10% to 1.00% was mixed with the untreated soil sample, theoptimum percentageof ferric chloride and bagasse ash was determined by observing the Max. Compressive strength gained for each of the additives mixed with the soil sample by conducting Unconfined Compressive test. These tests are repeated on the soil samplesby mixing it with optimum percentage of bagasse ash and varying percentages of ferric chloride (0.10 to 1.5%). The samples with optimum percentages of ferric chloride and bagasse ash is then subjected to curing for 1,7 and 14 days ,UCS test is carried out for each curing periodThe conclusion that was drawn from the experimental work is that that the combination of ferric chloride and bagasse ash can help in contollingthe swelling nature of soil and can be used to improve the stability of thesoil.

Innovative Design Approaches for the Seismic Response Control of Tall Buildings by Various Interior and Exterior Structural Forms

2021-07-20T09:57:30+00:00

Recent construction methodologies and practices have changed the requirements of conventional design procedures. With restriction of resources used in construction, something which has perplexed engineers is concepts of sustainability. In this regard, slender structures have started integrating sustainability concept. Presently, demand for studies focused on the performance of various structural forms to resist gravity and lateral loading is at rise. The modeling and analysis has been carried using ETABS by varying the structural height of model viz 150m,240m,300m, structural framing systems such as conventional beam- column system and lateral load resisting systems such as diagonal grid framing system, outrigger structural system, peripheral R C shear wall system and R C Core shear wall system by considering Seismic Zoning V conforming to IS 1893-2002 provisions. The typical storey height assigned was 3 metres. Dynamic Analysis comprising of response spectrum analysis and time history analysis were performed. Peak storey displacement and drift is tabulated and analysed to assess into the structural form which would be sustainable in construction of slender structures.

The Study of Relationship between FDI and Stock Market and the Real Estate Sector

2021-07-20T09:59:51+00:00

The diversity and complexity of Property Market, its linkages with economy and investment sphere has necessitated a closer study on its dynamics and movement. This paper attempts to find out the role of real estate in a multi-asset portfolio and need of its securitization in order to be investible in Indian context. Johansen cointegration test and Granger's Causality Test in the VAR block exogeneity on Quarterly data (Q 2009-10 to Q3 2016-2017) for HPI (Real estate index) and NSE 50(Stock market index) shows that there is no long run as well as no short run relationship between these markets. Segmentation exists between the stock market and the real estate market, and so these two assets can be held in a portfolio for diversification purpose. Descriptive statistics prove it as desirable asset class for investment. It further proves that Direct real estate investment is sufficient to be defined as an asset class and does not require standardization through securitization in order to be investible. Findings are relevant for policymakers as well as for market traders. This study contributes to the alternative investment literature for emerging markets.

A survey on Security and Privacy Challenges in Smarthome based IoT

2021-07-20T10:01:32+00:00

The innovative and disruptive technology of the Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart home applications are mainly restricted and dispersed.To offer insightful analyses of technological settings and assist researchers, we must first grasp the available choices and gaps in this field of study.Thus, this study aims to review to organize the research landscape into a cohesive taxonomy.We perform a targeted search for all articles relating to the security of IoT-enabled smarthome systems.These articles compile literature on IoT-enabled smart home applications.The final dataset generated by the classification method consists of 111 articles classified into nine categories.The nine classes include architecture development for IoT security, SH-IoT security analysis, smart security with IoT, IoT network security, surveys and reviews, machine learning and IoT security, cryptography, utilizing Blockchain to improve IoT security and Authentication & Authorization in IoT Systems.We then define the fundamental features of this developing area in terms of the following: the reason for using IoT in smart home applications, the major obstacles impeding adoption, and suggestions for enhancing the acceptability and usage of smart house apps in the literature.

Proposal for Connectivity in the Beach Circuit Through Eco-Friendly Bicycle Paths in the District of San Juan De Marcona - Peru

2021-07-20T10:03:00+00:00

The objective of this research is the connectivity of the beach circuit through the proposal of an eco-friendly bicycle path in the district of San Juan de Marcona. It is known that the community currently lacks essential services such as electricity and water; in recent years, there has been an increase of tourists during the summer season, which generates a more significant accumulation and use of motorized vehicles in the beach circuit, thus affecting the environmental quality of the place, the research for its purpose is applicative, non-experimental level. Sustainable bioclimatic design criteria were considered as well as the implementation of clean energies such as wind and solar power. The first case is presented usingthree wind turbines located in an area near the interpretation zone with a height of 20m of Siemens SWT 108 model of 2.3 MW with a start-up speed of 3m/s. On the other hand, solar panels will be located on top of the bicycle parking lots giving a form of solar roofs; these solar panels will have 60 cells with a capacity of 200W, with a voltage of 12V-24V and an amperage of 8Ah. These renewable energies will supply both the bicycle parking lots and the district of Marcona, facilitating the use of essential services for the inhabitants.

Model Business Canvas to Reduce Desertion in Massive Online Courses

2021-07-20T10:04:43+00:00

The full boom of digital transformation, e-learning through LMS systems (Learning Management System), has impacted on the development of the globalized world, and competes directly with face-to-face education; One of the main problems of those who start a virtual course is desertion, that is, many abandon the courses before concluding them, therefore, the objective of this research is the implementation of a business model that guarantees the success of a e-learning project, taking into account fundamental factors such as: the quality of the LMS design, tutoring strategies and digital marketing, generating in the participant an innovative digital experience that achieves specific learning. E-learning provider companies seek that their clients can start and conclude a virtual course, with guaranteed learning using an LMS, which will impact the positioning of the company, for this the content of the LMS must be interactive, motivating and designed for a high level of learning with innovative educational resources. As a result of the research, it has been shown that the perception of users of online courses regarding that the processes that prevent dropouts are good has gone from 25% without the application of the model to 56% with the application of the implemented model Canvas

Design, Development and Control of Gesture Based Unmanned Vehicle

2021-07-20T10:06:50+00:00

The gesture-controlled robots and machines are limited in terms of their mobility thus making the operation difficult and less effective. This research work proposes better gesture controls for operation and moves towards a universal remote which can communicate with any given machinery and is easy to operate. In this work, a prototype for a military based vehicle is designed and operated through a universal gesture remote. Design incorporates a toy gun to depict the fire action of a military vehicle, a robotic arm to remove the obstacles in the path of the vehicle increasing its unmanned efficiency, and a camera to guide the operator remotely and help to mark the targets. The vehicle is operated through a system attached to a glove and as the operator makes gestures, the movements are read and sent to the vehicle. The communication pattern is completely secure which stops hackers from intercepting the signals and taking control of the vehicle. The developed project provides a manual but remote control to the operator. The additional functionalities of the remote reduces the complexity level of the project. Unlike many unmanned vehicles, this does not require highly trained operators and can be operated by people with little education or physical disabilities. As the vehicle is unmanned, this creates a vast range of usage. Environments which are harsh for human lives to survive can be controlled or monitored through this technology. The ease of use allows disabled veterans to continue their services even after losing their physical traits while serving their nations in a battlefield.

Proposal for an Ecolodge for the Sustainable Local Development of the Llacanora District -Cajamarca

2021-07-20T10:09:34+00:00

The objective of this research is the sustainable local development of the Llacanora-Cajamarca district, through a proposal for an Ecolodge, the lack of adequate infrastructure for visitor accommodation leads to the decline of the result of tourist activity in an ecolodge It is a suitable alternative for development, taking into account respect and protection for the environment. For the proposal, bioclimatic design criteria and variables are applied and incorporating clean technologies that allow minimizing environmental contamination; surveys were also carried out to the population and potential tourists, it was obtained that 89% agree with the ecology proposal. A design committed to the environment was proposed by applying renewable energies, preserving the construction tradition. Likewise, the proper management of organic waste through fertilizers becomes a good option for traditional agriculture and the production of fuels. Thus achieving 70% avoidance of soil and water contamination and reducing CO2 output since this gas is harmful to the ozone layer and global warming.

The influence of Social Media Marketingon Consumer Buying Decision through Brand Image in the Fashion Apparel Brands

2021-07-20T10:12:18+00:00

The emergence of social media has immensely changed the way of communication with customers. The fashion apparel industry is no exception to this new development.Despite this development, the impact of social media as a tool for consumers decision making is still largely unexplored in the Malaysian context. This study therefore seeks to examine the impact of social media on consumer buying decisions mediated by brand image. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, an online questionnaire survey was used to collect data from consumers in the Fashion apparel industry. Findings from this study reveals that effective social media marketing impacts consumer buying decision among Fashion apparel brands in Malaysia.Thus, Fashion apparel brands develop its own personality with use of social media platform leading to a positive reputation and reliability. The findings also found that brand image plays a positive significant mediator role between social media marketing and consumer buying decision. Hence social media marketing increased top-of-mind brand where consumer recall the brand easily with the increased visibility of the brand in social media platforms. The research also showed how the interaction in the social media provided customers of the fashion apparel a sense of belonginess to the brand and as their voices are heard through engaging with social media, fashion apparel companies build on their brand equity.

Retracted

2021-07-30T04:59:48+00:00

Retracted

Calculation of Reinforced Concrete Structure by Inclined Sections under Shear Force

2021-08-03T03:42:57+00:00

Shear force calculation of reinforced concrete structures conducted on the inclined section model is an important content in the calculation and design of reinforced concrete structures that are widely used today. The article aims to elucidate and conveniently understand the principles, the influencing factors as well as the shear behavior on reinforced concrete structures through the conclusions, showing the relationship between different knowledge from mechanics of materials to reinforced concrete and it also shows that regulations and designations are outlined in current applicable standards. The article also outlines the steps of calculation, testing, and how to build calculation formulas based on the instructions in the new design standard along with comments on the meaning of formulas in practical calculation. Therefore, the article brings basic insights of working principles and behavior in both practical and applicable ways that it is helping students and technical staffs who can refer directly to in actual calculation.

Integration of Six Sigma and Anylogic Discrete Event Simulation Methodology in Surgical Toolbox Manufacturing: A Case Study

2021-08-12T11:31:02+00:00

The purpose of this paper is to examine and identify the problem of small medium sized (SME) real case industry by integration of Anylogic Discrete Event (DE) simulation and six sigma method. The work starts with collection of data’s of every processing time at their station with specific number of worker. The all the collected data of real case industry has simulated by anylogic software to get capacity utilization of every processing station, time distribution of every processing station, flow time analysis and defects analysis.

After the successfully analysis of data in simulation paradigm, with the help of six sigma experimentally validated it by changes in process. In the validating phase of conventional and experimental data, the result have been progressive specially in total manufacturing time have been reduces which is good for company.

Design and Development of Casting Catcher for Gravity Die Casting Machine

2021-08-20T17:05:36+00:00

In today’s advanced and competitive world of casting, technology plays a important role to meet the demand and fulfill the challenges of production. Casting methods also have undergone various changes to make the process easier, faster and economical. Out of many processes of casting, there is a process called as Gravity Die Casting[5]. Gravity die casting was one of very earliest processes to be invented for metal and light metal alloy die casting. It is used to manufacture casting parts from non-ferrous materials such as Aluminium or low-temperature alloys. In this process, hot casted mould from gravity die casting machine are delivered by operators, but there is a high risk of accident, risk of injuries to the operator or workers. So this research aims to design and develop a casting catcher for gravity die casting machine. Casting catcher is used to load-out a hot casting mould from a gravity die casting machine into surrounding environment. Also casting catcher increases production while reducing operator’s load. They are operate in manual swing or fully automatic powered swing in. It helps in collecting the casted product neatly and safely. There is no risk of any accident while working with casting catcher.

Friction Stir Processing of Precipitate Hardenable Al Alloys 6061 and 7075: A Review

2021-08-20T17:08:39+00:00

Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is one of the promising thermomechanical processing techniques that modifies the microstructural and mechanical properties of the material. This is solid state joining technique and energy efficient, environment friendly. Previous studies of different FSP of alloys report the contamination of processed zone consisting of fine grained and homogeneous microstructure. The advantage in FSP is that it has maximum temperature reaching capacity of less than 80% to 85% of the melting temperature. In this review work, the precipitation hardenable aluminium alloys 6061 and 7075 were FSP under various combinations of speeds such as rotational and translation speed are studied. Correlation between the microstructure and strength properties during process is one of the important issue in FSP optimization. This review aims at to collect large amount of information about FSP of precipitation hardenable aluminium alloys which is used worldwide and study its mechanical properties more specifically.

Experimental Analysis of Thermoelectric Air Conditioning in Automobile

2021-08-20T17:10:58+00:00

In present scenario, Heating Ventilation, and Air Conditioning system (commonly used in the air conditioners) is very efficient and reliable but it has some demerits. It has beenobserved during the last two decades that the O3 layer is slowly destroyed because of the refrigerant (Chlorofluorocarbon and Hydro fluorocarbon) used for the refrigeration and air conditioning purposes. The common refrigerant used is Hydro fluorocarbon’s which are leakedand slowly ascend into the atmosphere. When they reach to O3 layer they act on O3 moleculesand the layerQ ofO3 is destroyed. A single molecule of Hydro fluorocarbon can destroy thousands of O3 molecules and that's why it has created a threat for the not only to maintain earth eco system stable but also toexistence of earth. Even the percentage of Hydro fluorocarbons are emitted into the atmosphere compared to CO2 is negligible but its global warming effect is few thousand times of CO2. The effect of 100 gm of HFC can destroy 0.5 tons of O3 molecules. These Hydro fluorocarbons once destroy O3 layer; it takes hundreds of years to recover its thickness as it is formed by complex reactions. This is because as Hydro fluorocarbons comes in environment, they remain in atmosphere for 18 years. The capacity ofHydro fluorocarbons to increase in earth temperature 10% is contributed by Hydro flurocarbon’s only. That leads to the emergence of finding an alternative of the conventional Heating Ventilation, and Air Conditioning system, i.e. thermo-electric cooling and heating system. Thermoelectric cooler controllers are used for thermoelectric cooling and heating in combination with Peltier elements or resistive heaters. Peltier elements are heat pumps which transfer heat 2 ,) from one side to the other, depending on the direction of the electrical current.

Design and Manufacturing of Fixture to Cut Wedge in Equal Parts

2021-08-20T17:12:30+00:00

The project's main goal is to use a horizontal milling machine to cut wedges into2,3 and more equal parts for use in bridges, railways, building, and grip quick wedges, among other things. The selection of a machine cutter as well as the fixtures to be made is the first step in cutting the wedges into equal sections. Wedges are tapered high-strength steel parts with serrations on the inside.

Hybrid Bike

2021-08-20T17:13:59+00:00

As we design a “hybrid bike” which is works on the concept of bi-fuel (dual fuel) cycle. In this we are giving supply of petrol as well as LPG to the engine for the fine working of an engine. All of We know that day by day there is tremendous growth of pollution in atmosphere. Because of this there is rapidly reduction in the ozone layer cause harmful effects on human beings and main cause is increase in pollution and global warming. In this most of the pollution is done because of the automobile products. So we are designing a bike which works on the LPG as well as Petrol.

We know that price & pollution rate of petrol is more. In our country there is no such a bike work on Bi-fuel engine (petrol & LPG) as well as works on dual carburetor gives more power to the bike. And in India percentage of bikes are more than cars.

Because of this reason we design dual fuel engine for bike. First we do modification in the input of and engine. Instead of single carburetor we give dual carburetor supply to an engine. Because of this the power, stability, efficiency increases and gives better fuel changing system.

We obtain a Y-shape pipe to give the fuel supply from carburetor to the engine. Because of the dual carburetor we need to design an engine.

Non-Linear Analysis of Crash Box Using Structural Analysis and Compression Testing

2021-08-20T17:15:51+00:00

Crash box is a separate component in vehicle which is mounted in between main frame of the car and front bumper. At the time of the accident it deforms axially and absorbs accidental energy. Crash box structure provides comfort to the passenger at the time of impact. It works as safe guard for the costly components behind the bumper like engine hood and cooling system. Various parameters like width, thickness, filler material which affects the crash box performance are studied by using Design of experiments explicit dynamic analysis of different shape Crash box in ANSYS workbench.

Design and Analysis of Metering Pump

2021-08-20T17:17:25+00:00

A metering pump moves a precise volume of liquid in a specified time. It provides accurate flow rate. metering pump is introduced here with various key features and benefits. An inefficient pump will use more energy than normally required so this paper additionally highlights the procedure to increase the efficiency of metering pump up to certain level. The chemical dosing pump delivers the alum with different flow rates depending on the dosage requirement for the laboratory-based water treatment plan. With a stroke length control installed in the system, water quality is continuously monitored and a suitable dose of chemicals supplied, leading to better profitability since the need for expensive chemicals is reduced. For modelling Creo Parametric is used, and for analysis Ansys is used.

Banana Fiber Extraction Machine

2021-08-20T17:19:22+00:00

The aim of this project is to design and develop a process to extract high quality natural fibers from the banana pseudo stems. Manual extraction of banana fiber produces good quality of fiber but it much time consuming. Labour expense is quite high and output is quite low. Hence efficient extraction of banana fiber can only be possible through mechanization. Now a day’s machines exist for extracting banana fiber but are manually operated and cannot be applied for mass production. The other main disadvantages of existing machine are impurities present in rolled fiber. The efficiency of existing machine is average. It consumes time & the process is not safe. This project is specially designed for extracting banana fibre from the banana stem. The machine is designed in a very simple way such that it can be used by everyone, as the mechanism is very simple. The major components used are blade, belt and pulley, motor, and roller shaft. This model is helpful in fibre industries to extract the fibre from banana stem.

“DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE THERMOELECTRIC AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM”

2021-08-20T17:20:50+00:00

According to International Institute of Refrigeration, air conditioning and refrigeration consumes around 15% of the total worldwide electricity and also contributes to the emission of CFCs, HCFCs, and CO2 etc. Due to the use of such refrigerants it leads to much harmful effect to our environment i.e. the global warming. For air conditioning use of fuel also increases and all these are effect on the car efficiency. To overcome the problem of emission and fulfill the mismatch between the demand and supply of energy consumption the thermoelectric Air conditioning can be used. This system is not going to be noisy, a there will be no hazardous emission to the environment so the system is totally ecofriendly. As the Peltier module is quite compact in size the design can be easily acquired according to space and need.

Resource Optimisation Of Shopping Mart Using Machine Learning

2021-08-20T17:22:05+00:00

Machine learning is booming field which is growing rapidly in every discipline but developing countries are still spinning wheels in this sector. When we talk about India there are many supermarkets and marts emerging day by day but due to lack of exposure to technology and advancement it has been observed that there is no proper algorithm or technique used to visualize and manage sales and thus many supermarkets end up being in loss. This paper addresses the issue of the highly un-optimized and unpredictable market of groceries. The paper discusses of attempts to predict the sales of Chain of a Mega Supermarkets based on the historical sales data using Machine Learning, it attempts at finding hidden relations between different factors that can and might drive the sales of the super market up. This problem can be resolved my making a machine learning model that can explore, visualize and manipulate data and hence provide us with the requirements and statistics of the mart. Section 1 focusses on data mining and data pre-processing. The performance evaluations of various prediction algorithms using machine learning approaches are stated. Data visualization and patterns visualization is stated in section 2. Section 3 focuses on the different algorithms like KNN (K-nearest neighbor), Random Forest regression, Gradient Boost algorithm etc. and thus find the best fit for the data. Finally, the result is analyzed and concluded by research findings and future scope. paper addresses the issue of the highly un-optimized and unpredictable market of groceries.

Enhancement of Airfoil Performance Using Aerodynamic Vortex Generators

2021-08-20T17:23:36+00:00

In order to explore the effect of the installation parameters of vortex generator (VG) on boundary-layer flow control, the vortex generator characteristics and their effect on the aerodynamics of an airfoil was studied using cfd simulations. The aerodynamic analysis is carried out on a highly cambered NACA s1223 airfoil attached with an array of vortex generators to study its effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of the Airfoil.

The CFD analysis shows that the use of vortex generators leads to delay in flow separation along the cambered side of the Airfoil which improves the efficiency of the Airfoil by increase in lift with minimum increase in drag. Based on the results the best vortex generator design is selected to achieve maximum delay in flow separation.

Design of Wet Scrubber for City Air Pollution Control

2021-08-20T17:24:56+00:00

Pollution control is big issue for the metro cities as the number of vehicles growing larger every year leading to large air pollution, increased AQI level and production of black smog. For controlling this phenomenon there are various methods and pollution control devices but the setup wet scrubber used in industries can be the effective way for pollution control. Hence we are using wet scrubbers for city air pollution control which is the concept arising from the conventional scrubbers used for pollution control in the big industries having flue gases and particulate material as a waste part going into atmosphere causing harmful effects on environment. This industrial type of scrubber helps in trapping and absorbing of these flue gases. The same concept is being taken and analyzed for city air pollution caused by vehicles at signals and crowded areas. Here there will be different exhaust gases than the flue gases from industries. The basic components of our setup for city air pollution control which is desired to be set up at traffic signals are spray tower, filter chambers, recirculating chambers with scrubbing agent for dissolving of exhaust gases coming in from the vehicles.

Street Lamp With Solar Tracking System

2021-08-20T17:26:28+00:00

A solar tracking system using Arduino is designed and built. This system collects free energy from the sun and stores it in the battery and then converts this energy to the respective alternating current. It makes the energy usable in normal homes as an independent power source. This system is designed to react to its environment in the shortest amount of time.

Any errors at software and hardware will be controlled or eliminated. Our system is tested for its real-time responsiveness, reliability, stability and safety. Our system is designed to be resistant to weather, temperature and some minor mechanical stresses.As the energy demand and the environmental problems increase, the natural energy sources have become very important as an alternative to the conventional energy sources. The renewable energy sector is fast gaining ground as a new growth area for numerous countries with the vast potential it presents environmentally and economically. Solar energy plays an important role as a primary source of energy, especially for rural area. This project aims at the development of process to track the sun and attain maximum efficiency using Arduino and LDR Sensor for real time monitoring. The project is divided into two stages, which are hardware and software development. In hardware development, two light dependent resistor (LDR) has been used for capturing maximum light source. Servo motor has been used to move the solar panel at maximum light source location sensing by LDR. The performance of the system has been tested and compared with static solar panel by charging a rechargeable battery connected to the solar panel. This project also has an inverter circuit which converts 12V DC to 220V AC for powering home appliances. This project describes the design of a low cost, solar tracking system. In this project a single axis solar tracking system has been developed by which more energy from the sun can be harnessed. In this project, an Arduino , has been used as the main controlling unit. To detect the position of the sun on the sky, two LDRs have been used and to rotate the orientation of the Solar PV panel a servo motor has been used. The sensors and servo motor have properly been interfaced .

Design, Analysis and Fabrication of Composite Mono Leaf Spring

2021-08-20T17:28:04+00:00

Reducing weight while increasing or maintaining strength of products is getting to be highly important research issue in this modern world. Composite materials are one of the material families which are attracting researchers and being solutions of such issue. The Automobile Industry has great interest for replacement of steel leaf spring with that of composite leaf spring, since the composite materials has high strength to weight ratio, good corrosion resistance. The material selected was glass fibre reinforced polymer (E-glass/epoxy). The design parameters were selected and analysed with the objective of minimizing weight of the composite leaf spring as compared to the steel leaf spring. The work also gives focus on the application of FEA concept to compare two materials for leaf spring and propose the one having higher strength to weight ratio. Two materials used for comparison are; conventional steel and composite E-Glass/Epoxy. The deflection and bending stresses induced in the two leaf springs are compared. The solid modelling of leaf spring is done in Catia and analyses using ANSYS.

A review on Additive Friction Stir Processing of Mg based Alloys

2021-08-20T17:29:26+00:00

Magnesium-based alloys are gaining a lot of attention due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, good machinability, and high damping capacity. They are being utilized in various fields including aerospace, automotive, and electronics. Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a solid-state surface modification technique derived from the principle of friction stir welding. Similar to FSW, it consists of a rotating tool having shoulder and pin arrangement which when plunged into the workpiece causes heavy plastic deformation and heat generation. Further, it leads to dynamic recrystallization during the process resulting in a densified, homogenized and refined microstructure. FSP is a promising strategy for surface modification of lightweight alloys. This methodology can be employed for obtaining magnesium-based surface composites by introducing different reinforcement particles viz. SiC, Al₂O₃, B₄C, and SiO₂ into the base metal to improve hardness, strength, wear, and corrosion resistance. This review offers a better understanding of various mechanical and metallurgical properties along with microstructural analysis of FSPed Magnesium alloys.

Gravity Power Generation

2021-08-20T17:31:21+00:00

Sustainable energy generation is major need in the current scenario. Electricity demand is drastically increasing with development and modernization. Power generation using gravitational force is a way to fulfil this demand. Galaxy, stars, planets, asteroids, meteors, etc. are the elements of universe with gravitational force being common in them. This paper explains how energy can be produced using the gravitational force of the earth, without using any external fuel. Sprocket, chain and weights are the mechanical components which provide input for the generation of power. Once the weights are attached at a particular distance, weight of the chain increases on one side than that of other, which in turn rotates the chain sprocket assembly continuously. This assembly is connected to the generator and then to the battery which generates electricity without any interruption.

“Enhancement thermal performance of double pipe heat exchanger using different techniques”

2021-08-20T17:32:40+00:00

This report deals with experimental determination of convective heat transfer rate in a double pipe heat exchanger using TiO2 and CNT nanofluids and corrugated copper tube. Heat exchangers are devices that transfer heat to achieve desired heating or cooling. An important design aspect of heat exchanger technology is the selection of appropriate materials to conduct and transfer heat fast and efficiently. Nanofluids are mostly used in heat transfer applications and the size and cost of the heat transfer device depend upon the working fluid properties. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known as nano-architecture allotropes of carbon, having graphene sheets that are wrapped forming a cylindrical shape. CNT exhibit longitudinal thermal conductivity of 2800–6000 W/m K. Corrugated tubes are used in double pipe heat exchanger Because a corrugated tube has an increase heat transfer rate compared to a smooth tube of the same length.

“Design and fabrication of gear cutting mechanism”

2021-08-20T17:34:17+00:00

The gear cutting machine lathe attachment is attachable to an existing gear cutting machine so as to eliminate the need for an operator owning both a gear cutting machine and a lathe. It is designed to be mounted to the side of the gear cutting machine and to be used without disturbing a setup in the associated vise. The attachment is also designed to be mounted to the front of a gear cutting machine and allows the programming of the very point of single point tool contact so as to follow whatever contour or steps are desired. This type of cutting is not possible on a lathe with guaranteed accuracy, while on a gear cutting machine it is quite feasible. Mechanical engineering without production and manufacturing is meaningless and inseparable. Production and manufacturing process deals with conversion of raw materials inputs to finished products as per required dimensions, specifications and efficiently using recent technology. The work is on design and fabrication of gear cutting attachment which is used to cut gear or splines over the cylindrical job. The main aim is to prove lathe is a versatile machine

Use of Multinozzles to Increase Efficiency of Agricultural Spray Pump

2021-08-20T17:35:28+00:00

The main purpose of producing this product is to enable farmers and gardeners to make the process of spraying pesticides and herbicides to their gardens becomes more effective. It helps the gardeners work because they no longer need to carry the tank on their back that can cause their back strain and hurt. This product only has to be push to forward just like how the trolley function and then it will generate mechanically pump by the set of power transmission part by using shaft, bearings and set of sprockets. Energy to pump the tank pump can be reduced. Next, it also comes with a pair of nozzles on the wing. With nozzles on the wing, it can speed up the spraying process as it can spray left and right side at the same time. In conclusion, this product can help gardeners in terms of comfort during spraying, reducing energy to pump tanks, and effectively utilizing spraying time.

DESIGN OF SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE

2021-08-20T17:37:02+00:00

Prototyping an electric formula student vehicle came with its new set of safety concerns. The project mainly aims at

addressing these issues and resolving the same using majorly electronic circuitry. The major concerns were close to eliminated with the concepts of TSAL (Tractive System Active Light), APPS (Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor), RTDS (Ready To Drive Sound), IMD

(Insulation Monitoring Device) and BSPD (Brake System Plausibility Device). The sensors were programmed and iterated to fit the requirement. The assembly of the devices on the functional car without affecting the performance of the car was achieved and hence improving the overall safety of the car.

“Material Handling System Used For Transportation of Material on Stair Case”

2021-08-20T17:38:28+00:00

From 18 century many types of wheelchair had been designed, by developing its functionality. This project involves an ergonomically design and fabrication of a stair climbing functionality will be upgraded by changing its structure design and mechanism. The important parts of this product are conveyor belt, frame and driving mechanism climbing wheelchair for regular

use by old disabled people. The design of frame will be done by considering various loads, stresses at various positions. The main factor of wheelchair is laid on the angle of stair and center of gravity of whole system. Understanding the different issues regarding the functionality of wheelchair and introducing a advanced design that will be an as help for the medical field and a

helping hand for disabled people

Design And Development Of Plastic Extrusion Machine

2021-08-20T17:40:22+00:00

NO ABSTRACT

Automated Double Hacksaw Machine

2021-08-20T17:41:52+00:00

In the scenario, for cutting pipes, more human effort is required and the time consumption is more. So, in order to minimize the time and labour, in this work, efforts are made to design and fabricate a two-way multi-hacksaw cutting machine. The main objective of the work is to design an efficient two-way multi-hacksaw cutting machine which suits the industrial applications like cutting thin metal bars, wood, PVC pipes, etc. The machine is designed and fabricated using the principle of slider-crank mechanism, where the slider is replaced with hacksaw.

“Design And Analysis Of Two Wheel Drive Forklift For Industrial Warehouses”

2021-08-20T18:14:49+00:00

A forklift (also called lift truck, jitney, fork truck, fork hoist, and forklift truck) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and move materials over short distances. The forklift was developed in the early 20th century by various companies, including Clark, which made transmissions, and Yale & Towne Manufacturing, which made hoists. Since World War II, the use and development of the forklift truck have greatly expanded worldwide. Forklifts have become an indispensable piece of equipment in manufacturing and warehousing. In 2013, the top 20 manufacturers worldwide posted sales of $30.4 billion, with 944,405 machines sold.

In today life there is wide of fork lifts variety of forklifts from the large heavy loadings trucks to the one that works among narrow aisles forklifts have becomes one of basics transportation tools we use in our lives with all the forklifts in existence we find that there are some improvements that can be to bring forklifts to the better performance. The 2-wheel drive is a fast, efficient and low power consumption vehicle that does not require much space to move around. The mini forklift will run on 2 dc motors and can drive small weight with pickup arrangement across small distances easily.

“Design And Analysis Of Wind Lens Turbine”

2021-08-20T18:16:44+00:00

As for demerits, wind load to a wind turbine and structural weight are increased compared to the conventional turbines with the same rotor diameter. We have designed and manufactured a wind-lens turbine and compared its various operational parameter with conventional wind turbine. Conventional wind turbines are generally inefficient due to various losses it encounters. But, by implementing the concept windlens turbine, we have eliminated these losses, thereby increasing the turbine efficiency. Also, we have modified the existing design of broad-ring brim by changing deign parameters and tested its performance.

Improvement of Pre-crash safety and response time in Eye sensor braking system with pneumatic cylinder

2021-08-20T18:17:57+00:00

The technology of pneumatic has gained tremendous importance in the field of workplace rationalization and automation from old-fashioned timber works and coal mines to modern machine shops and space robots. It is therefore important that technicians and engineers should have a good knowledge of pneumatic system, air operated values and accessories.

The aim is to design and develop a control system based an intelligent electronically controlled automotive bumper activation system called “Intelligent Braking with Pneumatic Bumper”. This system consists of IR transmitter and Receiver circuit, control Unit, Pneumatic bumper system and braking unit. This output is given to logic circuit to indicate the final output i.e. alarm and the control signal is given to the bumper activation system braking unit. The pneumatic bumper system is used to provide safety to the man and vehicle. Now a day vehicle accident is the major problem. This braking system is an innovative project for the purpose of preventing accidents that happens in the restricted roadways. The purpose of this system is based on intelligent electronically automatic bumper and brake activation system known as “Improvement of Pre-crash safety and response time in Eye sensor braking system with pneumatic cylinder”. As well as this system improve the response time of the vehicle braking to keep safe distance between two vehicles.

Design & fabrication of pneumatic operated automatic sheet metal cutting equipment

2021-08-20T18:19:21+00:00

Pneumatics systems are extensively used in a wide range of industries and factories and manufacturing sector entities. Pneumatics system are noted for their simplicity, reliability, and ease of operation. Also, they are suitable for fast and rapid application of force. The purpose of this project is to therefore design a simple, easily operated pneumatic sheet metal cutting and bending machine that is sturdy and strong. A pressure of 8-10 bar is enough for operating the unit. The pressurized air passing through the tubes to the cylinder, forces the piston out whose power through the linkage is transmitted to the punch. The work piece thus got is for required dimensions and the piece can be collected through the land clearance provided in the die. The die used in this is fixed such that the die of required shape can be used according to the requirement. This enables us to use different type punch dies resulting in a wide range of products. Different types of punch as requirement can be thus got. According to the work material the operating pressure can be varied. The aim of the paper is to design of pneumatic operated automatic sheet metal cutting. 3D Modelling is created in CATIA.

A REVIEW ON ADJUSTABLE CAMBER ANGLE

2021-08-20T18:20:43+00:00

The main aim of this topic is to develop an adjustable Camber in Steering Mechanism of Vehicle. Instead of using Aniok, we use Hinge Joint in steering mechanism. Conventional steering involve either the Ackermann or Davis steering system which has major disadvantages that it can’t take minimum radius turn. We try to solve the problem of fixed Camber by using Heim Joint. The main purpose of this project is to reduce the turning radius and to improve the performance of vehicle during different tests as well as reduce the efforts on the steering wheel. To increase the quality performance of vehicle on straight and turning track Camber is needed. To overcome the problem like need of camber during turning or straight track, we need the adjustable camber in steering mechanism.

Design of belt conveyor attachment for LMW smart turn CNC machine for removing chips

2021-08-20T18:22:12+00:00

Automation is a step beyond mechanisation to increase productivity and improve the quality. The productivity level in an advanced manufacturing environment can be improved by proper design of mechanism at the initial stage in the manufacturing system. An attachment is designed and manufactured to reduce time and ensure safety of workers.. The aim of this paper is to design and simulate attachment for LMW smart turn CNC machine. 3D modeling of the attachment is created in SOLIDWORKS and analyzed for stress, deformation and frequency distribution in ANSYS WORKBENCH.

Experimental investigation, modeling and Optimization in laser machining of al 1200

2021-08-20T18:23:31+00:00

Laser cutting is used from all non-traditional machining due to high production rate. It is observed as quality cutting process for narrow and complex cuts with high geometrical accuracy for various materials. In automotive and aeronautics industries, there are huge applications of aluminium sheets due to its high strength to weight ratio. In this work, an attempt is made to identify the optimum parameters for precise cutting of commercial aluminum (Al) sheet of 12mm thickness. Input parameters selected are cutting speed, gas pressure and laser power for simultaneous improvement of kerf width and dross height. Machining is carried out using 6 kW fibre laser machine implementing experimental plan received from design expert software. Box Behnken Design (BBD) method of response surface methodology (RSM) with 17 trial runs is selected. Mathematical calculations are carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) software. Models created can be used for predicting output parameters and further optimization. Desirability based optimization is used to minimize responses simultaneously by optimizing input parameters. Cutting speed is found as most significant factor for both kerf width and dross height.

Design and Analysis of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine for Generation of Power on Highway

2021-08-20T18:24:49+00:00

Electrical energy demand has been continuously increasing. Depleting fossil fuel reserves, environmental concerns, and insufficiency of conventional generation techniques in meeting growing demand, renewable energy use has been widely adopted in the world. When considering the application of renewable energy sources in the world, it can be seen that wind energy is mostly preferred over other renewable energy sources. The main objective of this project is to develop a device to generate electricity along the side of highways. It is designed with vertical long blades such that it will use the utmost quantity of wind energy.In this study, a new prototype wind energy conversion system suitable for urban use is designed and manufactured. The proposed design is modular and has flexible structure. As the construction of Savonius rotor is simple, the performance of Savonius rotor is poor. This can be enhanced by modifying either the shape of the blade and/or number of blades. In this work, modifications are adopted in both shape and number of blades. Numerical investigation is carried out using ANSYS. A comparative study is carried out on the multi bladed Savonius rotors with different blade configurations, namely two bladed (simple), three bladed and four bladed Savonius designs. Modified Bach type rotor is also considered based on the shape of the blade.

Optimization of Double Wishbone Suspension System

2021-08-20T18:26:03+00:00

Suspension system plays an essential role in automobile and is always responsible for driving comfort and safety. Suspension system not only absorbs the tremendous vibrations but also transmits various forces between road and vehicle body. The double wishbone suspension system provides balanced stability under various conditions like cornering, braking, loading and unloading. A Double Wishbone suspension system consists of upper control arm, lower control arm, strut, knuckle, etc in which upper control arm is crucial part of suspension system. In an automobile industry optimization is focused all aspects for improvement in performance. This project consists of upper control arm, lower control arm, hub and spring to contribute towards material optimization and analysis of upper control arm, lower control arm, hub for double wishbone suspension system. Upper control arm, lower control arm, hub is designed using CATIA V5 and FEA on ANSYS is used for post processing. Required forces like Lateral, Longitudinal and Vertical forces acting on arm are calculated. In this we would be comparing the most recommend material AISI 4130 with the ceramic matrix composite of Al₂O₃ for upper control arm, lower control arm, hub as how they both compare in cornering conditions.

Design Development and Analysis of a Universal Lumbar Support Device for Two-wheeler Moped Vehicles.

2021-08-20T18:27:28+00:00

The following manuscript discusses the design and development of lumbar support designed for two-wheeler moped vehicle seats. In a country like India, many people travel on two-wheelers, be it intra-city or intercity. Due to the long travel time, most of these people experience pain in the lower back. The support is devised in a way that it can be universally mounted on different two-wheeler scooter seats and provide adequate support to reduce the strain on the lumbar during travelling. It is designed to be easily folded during installation when the user does not need it. The passenger bracket is shaped for easy assembly and disassembly. The experiments have been performed and calculations were done considering a load of 50kg on the supports. The design of both supports is implemented taking into account the most popular scooters in the Indian market. This design can be optimized and installed on other scooters in the market.

Fabrication Of Low Cost CNC Machine

2021-08-20T18:28:45+00:00

We are going to see the design of Mini CNC Machine. This machine has 2 or more axes namely the X, Y and Z axis. Mini CNC machine is a smaller size CNC machine which operates like a normal CNC machine with a limited area of the machining. The objectives or aim of this project is to develop the mini CNC Machine and to the software to control the machine. We will study the development of the CNC machine and the criteria needed to build the machine. The Mini CNC Machine is initially designed by referring to the criteria that was decided. The criteria are the travel path length, type of linear motion, type of linear drive, motor and controller, and type of material that used. The motor used can be a stepper motor or a servo motor. The frame material used is aluminium, wood or any low cost material. Material must be light in weight, easy to handle and machine and should be rust proof. Controllers such as Arduino Uno and ATMEGA 328 are considered other controllers are avoided to keep the machine economical. For programming an Open Source Software such as GBRL can be used. Low cost CNC router can be manufactured and can be used according to our need and the application needed.

DRY SUMP LUBRICATION SYSTEM

2021-08-20T18:43:46+00:00

Formula SAE is an intercollegiate design competition that tests the ability of students to finance, design, manufacture, test and race a Formula 1 prototype race car, sponsored by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). We use the Triumph Daytona 675r motorcycle engine to power our car. We desired that the CG of the car should be lowered so that the dynamic performance of the car increases. To overcome the problem we were assigned to design a dry sump oil scavenging system inside the Triumph Daytona675r engine. We require that adequate flow rate is achieved in a small, lightweight pump assembly that will fit inside the crankcase without major modifications to the crankcase of the engine block. It must be easily manufactured. So after surveying many products in the market we came across a pump with specifications.

And with that we have designed an oil tank that will fulfill the oil requirement of the engine. Along with the tank we have reduced the height of the oil pan so that the engine can be lowered by 5-7cm. During their design sloshing effect was studied .They were designed in such a manner that they will minimize the sloshing

effect and will not allow air to enter the oil lines.

Automatic Glass Handling System

2021-08-20T18:45:29+00:00

Robotics is emerging branch of engineering and having tremendous scope in future. Robotics is useful in replacing the tasks that are harmful for human beings to perform. Robotic evolution can replace this tasks to reduce accidents. This project is designed to help achieve this goal, by using suction cups for pick and place for Glass handling in Industries. This paper addresses a working prototype of an automatic glass handling system. The proposed system has 2 DOF (rotation & translation). It includes two stepper motors for required motion to be achieved. The body of the system is made up of aluminium alloys and partially Iron alloy. This robot is used to pick the glass and place in on work table and return glass to original place after operations. The pick and place of glass is usually being accomplished, using man power and as the transfer process is repeated for a period of time, it can cause injuries to the operator. This robotic arm helps in preventing injuries and increasing the efficiency of the work, by reducing human errors that can cost time and material. Robotic arm works on 2 stepper motors, a leadscrew assembly and also uses Proximity sensors. This system is controlled by Arduino Microcontroller to achieve desired motion.

Design And Analysis Of An Air Intake System For Fsa Car

2021-08-21T03:16:35+00:00

The Formula student competition challenges teams of university undergraduate and graduate students to conceive, design, fabricate, develop and compete with small prototype formula type vehicle. The rules limit performance of the engine by addition of a 20mm diameter restrictor within the air intake system. The air intake system is designed for a flat torque curve with high peak to increase drivability. Different intake models were designed and simulated using Solid works and ANSYS Fluent. The design with least pressure drops and maximum mass flow rate was selected.

Performance Analysis of Portable Heating & Cooling System

2021-08-20T18:49:18+00:00

Air-conditioning and refrigeration play an important role in a variety of fields like food storage, animal husbandry, medicine, and organ transport etc. In applications like transport of medicines, transplant organs etc. there is a huge demand of portable cooling units with inbuilt power supply having automatic temperature and humidity control. Though a lot of cooling mechanisms are available, namely Vapor-absorption, Vortex Tubes, Vapor compression, cooling tubes etc., these find limited application in designing a hand portable system. One reason for this is their vulnerability to large vibrations during transportation. A solid-state electrical cooling system can overcome such deficiencies. The thermoelectric module is a device that works by using the Peltier effect when electrical power supplied on it. In this study, the thermoelectric module is applied as thermoelectric cooler (TEC) using air cooling heat sink where cooling box capacity is 6 L by volume. For this work two TEC 1276 modules with a total maximum power consumption of 100 W were considered. This work experimentally investigates the thermal performance of thermoelectric cooler with a variation on input power and cooling load. A microcontroller base temperature controller was employed to adjust the temperature to the set-point with variations in the thermal load. The investigation was conducted by three variations on input power (10 W, 30 W and 50W) and by two variations of the cooling load using mineral water (1440 mL and 2880 mL) with input power of 50 W. The box temperature achieved at input power 20 W, 30 W and 50.0W are 10.98oC, 6.77 oC and 2.52 oC, respectively. While at the cooling load of 1440 mL and 2880 mL, the temperature achieved in the box are 15.45 oC and 19.32 oC, respectively. The test results showed that in variation on the input power from low to high, the temperature in box becomes lower on high input power and it causes the lower of Coefficient of Performance. This is because more energy could be absorbed on high input power. In the cooling load variation, the greater the cooling load given in cooling box, then the longer the box temperature stability can be achieved because of more energy needed for decreasing the temperature of cooling box.

Design and Development of an Ornithopter

2021-08-20T18:51:00+00:00

In recent years the subject of flying vehicle propelled by flapping wings, also known as ornithopter, has been an area of interest because of its application to micro aerial vehicles (MAVs). These miniature vehicles seek to mimic small birds and insects to achieve never before seen agility in flight. This renewed interest has raised a host of new problems in vehicle dynamics and control to explore. Ornithopters are robotic flight vehicles that employ flapping wings to generate lift and thrust forces. In order to better study the control of flapping wing flight we are developing an ornithopter model which will be capable of carrying a wireless camera. This report elaborates the essential aspects for the development of ornithopter and also describes mechanism of operation and the various applications of our ornithopter model. Our ornithopter model has a wing-span of 1.15m with a constant flapping frequency of 3Hz. The design for the same model is done with the objective of achieving the maximum lift and minimum drag possible which are the most important aspects considering the flight of the ornithopter. The complete design of the ornithopter model is done in SOLIDWORKS. The Ornithopter model is developed by keeping the aspects of gear reduction, aspect ratio, importance of tail, centre of mass, power requirements in consideration. At last, the design was analysed using CFD in ANSYS FLUENT in order to get the results of lift and drag force at various angle of attack and flow velocities.

Design & Fabrication of Gear Defect Detection

2021-08-20T18:52:28+00:00

Appearance defects inspection plays a vital role in gear quality control. Human inspection is a traditional way to remove defective gears, which is instable and time consuming. In this paper, a machine vision system for gear defect inspection, which can inspect various types of defects on gears such as deformations, rusts, scratches and so on is developed. The proposed system designs a novel image acquisition system to enhance the defects appearances and get controlled image acquisition environment. A series of image processing methods are proposed or utilized to inspect the defects. The system not only finds out the defective gear but also remove the defective piece by flipper mechanism.

Improvement In Manufacturing Process of stabilizer bars for Elastic Suspension.

2021-08-20T18:53:44+00:00

This project investigates Quality, productivity, and energy-saving improvement on heat treatment operation in the quenching process for manufacturing stabilizer bars. The main objectives are to study the productivity of manufacturing process of stabilizer bars and to volume ramp up by increasing production in per day batches which will result in high production rate for future usage. In this project, we have scope to utilize & increase our core mechanical field knowledge and give our contribution to industry to achieve industries’ objectives and goals. A stabilizer bar (roll bar, anti-sway bar, sway bar, anti-roll bar) is a part of many automobile suspensions that helps reduce the body roll of a vehicle during fast cornering or over road irregularities. For that rapid cooling process is carried out by Quenching process, Quenching involves the rapid cooling of a metal to adjust the mechanical properties of its original state. Steels with martensitic structure are often used in applications when the workpiece must be highly resistant to deformation, such as the cutting edge of blades. This is very efficient. To get a grip on why oil is a popular quenchant, it’s important to understand what happens in a quench. The succession of heating and then quickly cooling parts via quenching is a way to achieve added hardness to a part that otherwise wouldn’t have been possible. The heating causes changes in the crystalline structure of a metal part’s surface; the rapid cooling “freezes” those changes in place and makes the surface harder. This project also covers the detailed examination of quenching oil, which is used by the industry in cooling process. While there are many different types of oil used in quenching, two commonly used oils are fast and hot oil. Tube and shell type heat exchanger which heat is exchanged by two fluids in which one fluid is in the tube and other is in the shell (around the tubes). It is the most common type of heat exchangers in oil refineries and other large chemical processes and is suitable for higher pressure applications. The design of a plate heat exchanger (PHE) comprises several heat transfers plates. Held by a fixed plate and a loose pressure plate to form a complete unit. Each heat transfer plate has a gasket arrangement, providing two separate channel systems. A plate heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. Project helped us study different parameters about tube and shell heat exchanger and plate type heat exchanger. Project studies the different parameters, materials, and specification used for manufacturing of sway bars. Research done during this project gives detailed analysis of methodology for manufacturing on sway bars. In this project, we have utilized & increased our core mechanical field knowledge. Detailed structure analysis of heat exchanger and quenching process is provided in this research

Electric Bike

2021-08-20T18:54:59+00:00

The main objective of this review paper is to develop an ‘electric bike system’ done by earlier investigators with an innovative approach . This review paper explores existing literature findings for desigh of Electric Bikes. It also deals with the experiences related to electric bike. This paper describes the recent study on Electric motor cycles and also shows the development of different kind of electric bike. Design and simulation of low speed electric bike for optimization of power covers all there search related to the electric bikes. As IC engine release hazardous gases which pollutes environment and people, So automobile industry is turning towards electric powered vehicles as electric vehicles which are going to be future means of transportation. To improve mileage of electric vehicle, power train design needs to be improved. Hence, there is a need to design and employ an optimized power train system for EVs.

To Designe And Fabrication Of Banana Fiber Extraction Machine

2021-08-20T18:56:19+00:00

The aim of Designer these project to develop a method to extract top quality natural fibers from the banana pseudo stems. Manual extraction of banana fiber produces sensible quality of fiber however it abundant time overwhelming. Labour expense is kind of high and output is kind of low. therefore economical extraction of banana fiber will solely be attainable through mechanization. currently a day’s machines exist for extracting banana fiber however square measure operated by hand and can't be applied for production. the opposite main disadvantages of existing machine square measure impurities gift in rolled fiber. The potency of existing machine is average. It consumes time & the method isn't safe. This project is specially designed for extracting banana fibre from the banana stem. The machine is intended during a} very easy manner such it is utilized by everybody, because the mechanism is incredibly easy. the key elements used square measure blade, belt and machine, motor, and roller shaft. This model is useful in fibre industries to extract the fibre from banana stem.

Design and Development of Automatic Ground Clearance System in Car

2021-08-20T18:57:29+00:00

Now a days ,better handling of the vehicle has become an important parameter in all the aspects. As we carried out a deep research on “Automatic Ground Clearance Using Pneumatic System” we realized that ,for off-roading conditions we need an adjustable ground clearance system in the vehicle to have optimum performance. To achieve the certain condition, we studied the the Centre of Gravity of the vehicle , as it should be maintained as low as possible. While studying the research papers we decided the components i.e. Pnuematic Cylinder, Ultrasonic Sensor and DC Motor that should be used in the prototype. Designing of the model was a challenging part for us, as we finalized it along with the dimensions by using the CATIA V5 software. We also calculated the Moment of Inertia on the frame by using Shear Force Diagrams, Bending Moments Diagrams and the equilibrium conditions. We used the MI of the frame to calculate the bending stress in the cross sectional area of the square pipe by using the Flexural Formula from the concept of Bending Theory Equation. The design and construction of the adjustable ground clearance mechanism aims at changing ground clearance in the range of 180mm with good vehicle dynamic behavior. In order to achieve this goal through a study of force we carried out the analytical testing using ANSYS Software. We marked the results on the scale of 8.2/10. To summarise this for various types of tracks, the ground clearance of vehicles is designed accordingly and that is why this is a valid reason which also differentiates the vehicles as onroad and off- road .

Dual Power Generation Solar Plus Windmill Generator

2021-08-20T18:58:40+00:00

Now a day’s electricity is most needed facility for the human being. All the conventional energy resources are depleting day by day. So, we have to shift from conventional to non-conventional energy resources. In this the combination of two energy resources is takes place i.e. wind and solar energy. This process reviles the sustainable energy resources without damaging the nature. We can give uninterrupted power by using hybrid energy system. Basically, this system involves the integration of two energy system that will give continuous power. Solar panels are used for converting solar energy and wind turbines are used for converting wind energy into electricity.

Modelling, analysiscomposite leaf spring and it’s comparision with steelleaf spring.

2021-08-21T03:04:41+00:00

Leaf springs are the main suspension elements in an automobile system. This paper represents comparison of conventional leaf spring with composite leaf spring. It describes the design, experimental testing and numerical analysis of a composite leaf spring prepared by Epoxy Resin and E-glass fibre of Unidirectional and Bidirectional laminates. A 3D modelling of the leaf spring is created in CATIA V5.Static and fatigue analysis has done in ANSYS 17.0 WORKBENCH for both conventional leaf spring and composite leaf spring. Static load testing of both composite and conventional leaf spring is performed. The leaf spring made of glass fibre reinforcement polymer show higher strength and life when compared to conventional leaf spring.

Design of a light-weight and low-cost Fixed-wing UAV for security applications

2021-08-21T03:14:16+00:00

At the present time, there is no denying the existence of the Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) and the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on the security. They have become the standard machines in the security and surveillance system of almost all modern nations. UAVs are not affordable. The main purpose of this study is to design a low-cost UAV for military applications.

A Wide Research on IoT in The Light of Safety and Privacy

2021-08-25T02:15:41+00:00

Internet of Things (IoT) is regarded as a revolution in the field of the internet which will in the future enables infrastructure to connect a numerous amount of devices to collect information and data with one another to manipulate the artificial intelligence and decision making power. Nowadays, trillions of devices are connected to the Internet in the shape of IoT. However, with innovation, various threats like privacy and security have become one of the popular aspects of the field of information technology. IoT has changed our life cycle, reality, the manner in which we live and thoughts. Furthermore, Internet of things doesn't have a standardized architecture and is therefore impacted by multiple types of attacks on various layers. IoT devices can easily be attacked because of its simple and not a secure architecture. In this paper, we examined the challenges between privacy and security. In addition to this we will also review IoT procedure and architectural design security solutions.

Detecting DNS-DDOS Attacks in the Cloud Computing Services using Machine Learning

2021-09-04T14:03:16+00:00

Cloud computing provides a suitable platform for sharing resources, services, and knowledge. It gives businesses a flexible design that gradually provides an economic model for computing. Because of the widespread use of cloud services by a wide range of organizations, a slew of threats and problems must be addressed. Because cloud storage servers are web-based services, consumer protection, data leakage, and authentication appear to be major challenges in cloud computing environments.There are some security issues like poor IP protection, authorized access, malicious insiders, cyber-attack for analysis There are two ways. When it comes to data-oriented experiments, there are two types: real-time experiments and data-oriented experiments. learning is one of the best technologies to analyze cloud data. This paper implements many security-oriented techniques and conducted a comparative study of different machine learning algorithms, that will predict the classification accuracy. For this analysis, we have considered the CICDDOS-2019 attack dataset and it has different types of attacks. The proposed Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is classified into three parts: pre-processing, feature selection, and classification. The pre-processing applied different techniques: transformation, normalization, and stratified sample dataset. Some features are identified by feature selection techniques and created a new dataset for applying classification algorithms. Finally, we experimented with the comparative study using three algorithms: SVM, NAIVE BAYES, and RANDOM FOREST. The performance metrics prediction accuracy and computing time have been considered to identify effective IDS. Results are presented, conclusions are drawn.

Measuring the Dimensions, Detecting the Defects And Measuring Flatness of the Tiles

2021-10-06T09:51:47+00:00

Quality control in the ceramic tile industry is the crucial step of the manufacturing process to insure the tiles will maintain their structural integrity when installed on ground or on any other surfaces. Ceramic tiles should not crack, bend or break entirely under normally applied pressure on them. This can only be avoided by ensuring good quality control. We present an optimised approach of quality control in the ceramic tile industry for smaller businesses. Currently there are two ways available for Quality Assurance which mostly Rely on third party inspection using experienced supervisors with keen eye or simply installing expensive machinery specifically designed as per quality control requirements which is expensive. The goal of this system is to catch a middle ground between these two by being as affordable and as accurate as possible. This system uses digital image processing to measure the dimensions of the tiles, Flatness and also as many unintended design defects as possible. We hope to achieve minimal hardware

Efficient & Transparent Voting System Using BCT Features

2021-10-06T10:04:50+00:00

increasing digital technology has revolutionalized the life of people. Unlike the elec- toral system, there are many conventional uses of paper in its implementation. The aspect of security and transparency is a threat from still widespread election with the conventional system (offline). General elections still use a centralized sys tem, where in one organization manages it. Some of the problems that can occur in traditional electoral systems is with the organization that has full control over the database and system. It is possible to tamper with the database of considerable opportunities. Block chain technology is one of solutions, because it embraces a de centralized sys- tem and the entire database are owned by many users. Block chain itself has been used in the Bitcoin system known as the decentralized Bank system. By adopting block chain in the distribution of databases on e-voting systems one can reduce the cheating sources of database manipulation. This project aims to imple ment voting result using block chain algorithm from every place of election. Unlike Bitcoin with its Proof of Work, this will be a method based on a predetermined turn on the system for each node in the built of block chain.

High Dimensional Health Care Privacy Approach using Blockchain Technology for Emergency Medicine Tracking System

2021-10-06T10:06:25+00:00

In the present conditions of a health-aware society, organization of pharmaceutical supply chains has become more complicated because it involves the life-saving of human beings and requires the participation of different collaborators such as pharmaceutical manufacturers, dealers, distributors, patients, information service providers and regulatory companies. Pharmaceutical companies are always the most important providers of the drug supply chain, causing too many risks. These risks break the quantity, quality of supply of medicine, their delivery to the accurate place and at the correct time to the customers. Drug Trafficking is a worldwide illegal business involving the cultivation, manufacturing, distribution and sale of items which are causes to drug prohibition laws. Counterfeit drugs are one of the effects of such limitations within existing supply chains which not only has a serious disadvantageous impact on human’s health but also causes to severe economic loss on the healthcare industries. Accordingly, existing studies have emphasized the need for end- to-end track and detect, a robust system for pharmaceutical supply chains. In that matter, an end-to-end product tracking system across the pharmaceutical supply chain is mainly to ensure product safety and removing counterfeits and drug trafficking issues. In this system we present a Custom blockchain-based approach leveraging smart contracts and decentralized off-chain storage for efficient product traceability in the healthcare supply chain. The Intelligent contract guarantees data provenance, eliminates the need for intermediaries and provides a secure, immutable history of transactions to all stakeholders.

Video Summarization Using Subtitles

2021-10-06T10:10:57+00:00

Generating compact and intuitive representations of video sequences that can be grasped easily by the users and that let the users quickly browse large amounts of videos is becoming one of the most important topics in content-based video processing. Such representations are called video summaries and these video summaries provide the user with important information about the content of the particular data while preserving the essential message. Here we propose a method to generate video summaries automatically using speech transcripts. We divide the full video into segments based on pause detection (the time duration for which there is a gap in speech) and derive a score for each segment, based on the frequencies of the words and bi-grams it contains. Then, a summary is generated by selecting the segments with the highest score to duration ratios while at the same time maximizing the coverage of the summary over the full program. We developed an experimental design and a user study to judge the quality of the generated video summaries.

Secure Internet Based Voting System Using QR Code and Face Recognition

2021-10-06T10:13:16+00:00

In earlier times people are using different types voting system for electing their representative. This systems are inefficient and it has different types of drawbacks such as process are very time consuming and less secured. The proposed system is Secure Internet Based Voting System Using QR Code and Face Recognition resolves all demerits of existing system. In this voting system images contains human faces are essential to intelligent vision based human computer interaction and research efforts in the face processing includes face detection and face recognition, pose estimation and recognition. Face is the most important defining characteristics of the human body. Every human body face is unique, the facial structure of every human body can change dramatically. The main advantages of this system is that less time very consuming, it is more secured, location constrained is avoided, is has more accuracy, minimum requirement of equipment’s and skills.

Segregation of News Articles Based on the Political Bias

2021-10-06T10:14:39+00:00

— Slanted or one-sided news coverage, which is widely referred to as media bias, may have a significant effect on individual readers and public perceptions about news subjects. People's inability to provide an intrinsic shield against their own prejudices has resulted in the dissemination of false facts, and is gradually taking us to a world where opinions are simply polarized. Modern innovation algorithms provide us with content that confirms our inherent biases and thus trapping us in our "echo chamber". As a result, in order to provide the end consumer with more options for making an educated decision, we agreed to introduce our suggested method of informing the public of how unjust the news article i.e., whether it has a liberal perspective or conservative perspective by calculating and displaying a bias score to compare the most recent article to others.

Optimized Low Code Platform for Application Development

2021-10-06T10:15:54+00:00

The demand for new application development increases as the organizations grow rapidly. So, the development companies are facing various challenges to meet the new requirements of the customers, who demand for the applications within very less time. Low code development platform (LCDP) plays a vital role to overcome this gap. This platform becomes a significant step towards successful development of applications for customer facing problems. Instead of traditional hand coding, it refers to the development of applications through visual modelling tools using the approach of Model Driven Development (MDD). It allows developers to focus more on functionality rather than syntax of the code. Rapid app delivery, minimum coding, scalability, agile development, rich functionality makes the role of low code development platform more strategic in any digital transformation. Because of these features, LCDP enables organizations to build their own quickly with less time and money. This paper is based on studying different low code platforms, identification of their functionalities and services. The paper also initiates a proposed system methodology of a new optimized low code platform.

A Voice Based Assistant Using Google Dialogflow and Machine Learning

2021-10-06T10:17:06+00:00

Virtual Personal Assistant (VPA) is one of the most successful results of Artificial Intelligence, which has given a new way for the human to have its work done from a machine, just like a normal person. This paper provides methodologies and concepts used in making of a Virtual Personal Assistant (VPA) and thereby going on to use it in different software applications. In this project, we are trying to make a Virtual Personal Assistant ERAA which will include the important features that could help in assisting ones’ needs. Keeping in mind the user experience, we will make it as appealing as possible, just like other VPAs. Various Natural Language Understanding Platforms like IBM Watson and Google Dialogflow were studied for the same. In our project, we have used Google Dialogflow as the NLU Platform for the implementation of the software application. The User-Interface for the application is designed with the help of Flutter software platform. All the models used for this VPA will be designed in a way to work as efficiently as possible. Some of the common features which are available in most of the VPAs will be added. We will be implementing ERAA via a smartphone application, and for future scope, our aim will be to implement it on the desktop environment. The following Paper ensures to provide the methodologies used for development of the application. It provides the obtained outcomes of the features developed within the application. It shows how the available natural language understanding platforms can reduce the burden of the user, and therefore going on to develop a robust software application.

Use of Data Science during Worldwide Pandemic: an Efficient and Reliable System to Support Decision Making in Different Sectors

2021-10-06T10:18:20+00:00

Any calamities or emergency situations have created drastic and everlasting impacts on mankind since history. Such situations need to be managed in an efficient and effective manner. In this paper using a combination of technologies and tools we will provide a better alternative solution to the intuitive decisions thus making systems more reliable. Data Mining, Data Analytics, Data Visualization and Decision making have key applications demonstrated in this paper.Upon the choice of User Selections, this system will look into the number of deaths and recoveries that have occurred every day from the start of spread of the COVID-19. Based on this information, the goal will be to analyze and formulate a death and recovery analysis, which will in turn help us in understanding the effect of corona virus on different work sectors, while also displaying the GDP of the country. The second phase of the application will be to draw out a prediction of sales in the next upcoming days, based on the current situation in that country. Various business sectors such as apparel chains, grocery shops, etc. will be displayed along with their earnings since past few years until present. This data will be fed as training data for further forecasting process. A recommendation system will be applied to these forecasts, in order to provide best possible solutions for each work sector, so that user can make necessary changes to its business. Different visualization methods will be shown according to the Automated Machine learning system that will generate statistical depiction from the inflow of dynamic data.

Face and Food Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks

2021-10-06T10:19:43+00:00

This paper proposes a system with models which will recognize face and food from the given input images using CNN. The result will be saved and displayed. Shallow neural network is built over pre trained models for better results. The system can be used by schools which provide lunch to their students for keeping a proper record. The paper focuses on the models used for face and food recognition. The dataset for faces is built with around 400 images divided into 31 classes. Food dataset is built with around 500 images also with 31 classes. The validation accuracies of the models is 91% and 88% for face and food models respectively

Home Automation Using Amazon Echo

2021-10-06T10:20:59+00:00

Nowadays everything is automated. Home automation is part of it. This is becoming popular due to numerous advantages. Initially the home automation system was managed by text messages and by emails but with the advancement in technology the scenario is changed by the Internet of Things (IoT). There is a lot of investment in IoT by the industry and research community. The voice activated devices like Amazon Echo, Google Home, Samsung Smart came within the market with the focus on smart home. The industrial growth has resulted in innovative solutions which are economical and are having advanced solutions. The system provides a robust and low cost system thus making our homes smart. The system is powered using voice activated devices such as Amazon Echo, it’s cloud services, it’s speech services. The heart of the system is Arduino ESP8266 which provides smart features for homes. The system works successfully to switch on/off the electrical devices at home. This control can be done by the voice command and also through the app. This smart home can not be just viewed from a luxury point of view but also it helps physically impared and elderly people.

Lung Cancer Detection and Classification Using Efficient Net

2021-10-06T10:22:22+00:00

Early prediction and classification of cancer stages are mandated to take countermeasures for treatment and easy diagnosis. The scanned images are mostly used to obtain the occurrence of lung small cell cancer. To diagnose lung cancer using EfficientNet we present a convolutional neural network to diagnose three types of lung cancer based on scanned images. The proposed model consists of the main path and three sub-paths. The main path works to extract the small features and creates feature maps at low-level. As for the sub-paths is responsible for transferring the medium and high levels feature maps to fully connected layers to complete the classification process, also the ResNet was prepared to compare it with the performance of the proposed. We use neural architecture search to design a new baseline network and scale it up to obtain a family of models, called EfficientNets. We systematically study model scaling and identify that carefully balancing network depth, width, and resolution can lead to better performance. Based on this observation, we propose a new scaling method that uniformly scales all dimensions of depth/width/resolution using a simple yet highly effective compound coefficient.

Generating Image Captions Using Deep Learning

2021-10-06T10:23:33+00:00

In Artificial Intelligence (AI), image content is automatically generated including computer vision and NLP (Natural Language Processing). This model is used for producing natural sentences that ultimately describe the image. This model contains Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). CNN is used for feature image extraction and RNN are used for sentence production. The model is trained for such a way that when an input image is provided for a model, we create captions that almost define the image.

On Field Performance Analysis of Shunt Compensation of an Agricultural feeder using Power Analyzer

2021-10-06T10:24:43+00:00

Due to misinformation and unawareness, most of the farmers do not connect capacitors to their agricultural pumps. This paper presents the on field performance analysis of shunt compensation of an agricultural feeder. Single line diagram of Low Tension (LT) distribution system, feeder measurements, location and rating of pumps are obtained by carrying out the field visit and measurements at the farmer’s pump terminals. Shunt capacitors of suitable rating are connected to all the pump terminals of selected distribution transformer (DTR). Fluke 434-II power analyzer is used to record the electrical parameters before and after shunt compensation at the LT terminal of DTR. Results are analysed in detail. Energy analysis indicates that there is a huge savings in terms of energy exported after the shunt compensation. After shunt compensation there is a significant reduction in reactive power, apparent power and current supplied by DTR. Cost analysis shows that the payback period of the capacitor is in a few days.

Ultraviolet Sterilization Chamber

2021-10-06T10:27:40+00:00

We all are pretty aware of the incidence of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). This pandemic has struck many countries severely. The use of sanitizers, face masks and N95 respirators have become a crucial part of everybody's life. Many researchers and reports also claimed that this virus could get stuck on non-living object surfaces and stay there for up to 9 hours. In such an infectious pandemic, maintaining cleanliness and disinfecting each object in the surrounding can be a tedious task in social places like airports, bus stations, railway stations, malls and other places. Sanitizing every object can be a tough task. The authors here want to present an automated disinfection device based on Ultraviolet light that is U.V light technology, which shall ensure the full sanitization of non-living and inanimate things such as bags and luggage carried by travelers at public places with the help of this technology.

Detection and Identification of Unattended Objects in Video Surveillance using Machine Learning

2021-10-06T10:29:09+00:00

Video surveillance frameworks, acumen insight structures utilized in places for example railway stations, airports or various public places, can be helped to carry security to an upper level. The frameworks for video perception that are used for security reasons need advanced intellectual and robust technical ordinance. As the distress about the security across the world is soaring, it has raised the need to have installation of potential danger acknowledgment structures. This project depicts a framework which helps in recognizing the event of an individual leaving baggage unattended at a public place either deliberately or erroneously. Tracking of purposely left baggage is a significant issue as it obtrudes consequential security threats in crowded public transportation destinations in nations like India which has the biggest railway framework. The proposed system summons a caution whenever an abandoned baggage is encountered and also identifies time and date when the baggage was abandoned.

PANI: Pure Water Analysis using Near Field Communication and Internet of Things

2021-10-06T10:30:24+00:00

India is suffering from one of the world's worst national water crises. With a population of about 1.3 billion, water as a basic need is increasingly becoming scarce across many regions in India. Residential consumers remain the largest portion of water users. The most essential requirement to ensure good quality water availability is to conduct regular testing of water. In the proposed system, various water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, TDS, and temperature are monitored in real-time. Any deviation from the standard values points towards the presence of pollutants and hence is unfit for consumption. In addition to that, this system aims to bring down the consumption by certain liters per day and charge the users according to their consumption rates. This will make profligate users more aware of their consumption. In the proposed model, a system is designed for a smart water quality and management system by monitoring the water quality & consumption in real-time and pay using NFC technology, and cloud-based data analytics as per their consumption.

Medical Supply Chain Management using Blockchain: An Overview

2021-10-06T10:31:47+00:00

Blockchain technology has been developed over the past decade in various industries, including banking, government, energy, health, etc., and has gained significant traction. This paper offers a detailed description of medical blockchain technology. In reality, ongoing research in this field is progressing rapidly. We have thus created many modern cases of use of blockchain technology, including electronic medical records sharing, remote patient access, the medical supply chain, etc. Stakeholders in the fields of medical services need to be interoperable, secure, authentic, accountable and seam-free. The Internet-based blockchain platform aims to allow peer-to-Peer and interoperable use of current health data using a patient centered approach that excludes third parties. This technology allows applications to be built to manage and share systemic fraud audit trails that are secure, transparent and immutable. This research analyzes current literature to identify major challenges facing different health workers and to assess the features of blockchain technology that could solve problems identified. We also concentrated on finding the limitations of the approaches examined and eventually addressed open-ended study and further areas of research. However, future research needs to focus on the challenges and disadvantages of this technology.

Efficient Fire Detection through Video Surveillance: A Survey

2021-10-06T10:33:03+00:00

Fire is one of the most destructive forces that have been known to mankind. The fire has enabled a lot of technologies in a controlled format. But the uncontrolled and destructive fire has been the cause of large-scale destruction in various parts of the world. Fire needs to be contained effectively and timely, barring which can cause a significant amount of damage in a short time. There have been many researches that have been performed for the purpose of fire detection through video input from a live source. These related works have been identified and studied in detail for the formation of our approach. The traditional approaches towards fire detection have been analyzed for their merits and demerits. This is done to assist in improving our understanding of the fire detection procedures and essentially mitigating the flaws that are identified. Many of these research directions have not been up to the mark as it has not reached the desired accuracy in a stipulated amount of time. To overcome these limitations, an innovative approach for fire detection has been envisioned. The methodology for efficient fire detection through video surveillance will be elaborated further in the future publications of this study.

Smart Irrigation System for Agriculture using IOT and ML

2021-10-06T10:34:20+00:00

The IoT(Internet of Things) plays an important role in the terms of technology. It helps to get all the desired things by means of the internet. In the case of farming, choosing the right water level according to the current environmental conditions has always been a hectic task. Monitoring environmental conditions is a very important factor while watering plants. Due to unexpected weather components like temperature and soil moisture, the selected crop may get uneven water supply which may cause poor efficiency at crop yield. To overcome this problem, there must be a system that will suggest to the farmer about the correct choice of crop and watering instructions to the selected crop according to the current environmental factors mentioned above. In this paper, it is proposed to develop a smart irrigation system using IoT and machine learning algorithms. Using machine learning algorithms like KNN(k-nearest neighbor) with IoT, the system will give more accurate predictions for irrigation. The system is connected with the user through an android application, through which the user is able to see the live readings of temperature and soil moisture through cloud, also able to schedule irrigation whenever required. This paper aims to make use of IoT and ML like technologies to prepare a smart irrigation system for agriculture.

Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for 2.4 GHz Frequency of ISM Band

2021-10-06T10:35:41+00:00

A Microstrip patch antenna along with its array is expected to be designed for the next generation mobile communication and computing systems. Now a days the antennas play an important role in all the electronic devices due to wireless world. This research aims to design the antenna in such a way that the all the advancements in the antenna design can be covered in the design proposed .In this research we are planning to design the antenna along with the array so that the features are also enhanced by improving the directivity of this design . This can be done mostly using different ways of fabrication or deciding the material of substrate or mathematical model. This may help to improve the quality of the signal to be transmitted and received. Also, by making the antenna steerable towards the user, power saving issue could be resolved.

Parametric Analysis of Transmission Loss in Expansion Chamber Muffler using Simulation

2021-10-06T10:36:47+00:00

Transmission loss in a muffler is independent of the source and ideally requires an anechoic termination at one end of the muffler. Hence, measuring the same in a lab setup may not always be feasible. Parameters, designated as handles, are employed to optimize designs of lab-grade expansion chamber mufflers. Parameters such as length and ratio of diameters with extended ports are presented for a set of expansion chamber muffler models.

Smart and Automated Ration Distribution System

2021-10-06T10:38:06+00:00

These days, utilization of ration card is amazingly imperative for each home and it tends to be utilized for relative’s subtleties, to acquire gas association, address proof for different purposes, and so forth Yet, the primary utilization of a ration card to acquire the different material including sugar, rice, oil, wheat, lamp oil, and so forth from the apportion shops. The present ration distribution framework works manually and has downsides like sometimes not reaching service to needy people, more time-consuming process, lack of awareness about quantity and amount, availability of goods, material theft in ration shops, lack of fairness in distribution. So, to overcome such malpractices we bring a solution that implements an embedded system which works automatically without human interference in distribution and keeps all records automatically in a transparent manner. We can call it a smart and automatic ration distribution system which is more reliable and automated. This system uses RFID (Radio-frequency Identification) and GSM (Global system for mobile) to make the system automatic and smart. We are creating a web portal using IOT so that the government's updated information will be reached directly to the user. We are using an RFID card reader instead of a ration card which contains all the information present in the ration card. After the transaction, the user will get a message of a transaction on his authorized mobile number. For authentication, we are checking fingerprints using a fingerprint sensor.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ag Added Nanostructured TiO2 using Sol-gel Technique

2021-10-06T10:39:17+00:00

Metal doped TiO₂ has considerable applications in visible light enhanced photocatalysis for hydrogen production, waste water treatment and self-cleaning surfaces. The initial phase to achieve visible light activated metal doped TiO₂ is to synthesize them in a suitable method and to analyse the effect of metal ions on the nanosized TiO₂ crystal lattice. Herein, we report the synthesis of pure and silver doped nanostructured TiO₂ at three different molar concentrations by sol-gel method using titanium tetraisopropoxide [Ti(OC₃H₇)₄] (TTIP) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) as precursors. The thermal decomposition of the xerogel was studied using TGA-DTA. FT-IR spectrum of the xerogel of the pure sample and the annealed samples were recorded. The crystal structure, average crystallite size and the amount of phase contents were determined using the powder XRD.The results show that the synthesized nanostructured TiO₂containing both anatase and brookite phases.In addition to this, the effects of silver addition in the titania matrix were studied using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy.

Iot Based Water Distribution System for Quarters

2021-10-06T10:40:38+00:00

Abstract—TheIOTbasedWaterDistributionSystemisbasedonArduinoNano.Inthissystem,wecanreducethewastage of water and increase the human liability to keep him alert from the problems e.g., pipe leakage, water overuse etc. The proposed system consists of a water flow sensor for water flow monitoring. Also, we are using a solenoid valve for controlling the water flow in the pipeline. Hence, this system is used for the required distribution of water to any building also detection of any leakage problem so that, no loss of water occurs. These are connected to Arduino Nano. These devices are inexpensive, definitive, highly efficient, and extensible.

Assistive Sign Language Interpreter

2021-10-06T10:41:46+00:00

The main goal of this project is to create a glove system that can continuously identify sign language gestures and translate that into spoken words. In real time the template database of hand gesture messages are fed into a microcontroller and the magnetometer and flex sensors are fixed in the hand glove. After each movement of fingers the motion sensors get accelerated and give the signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller compares the action with the database and creates the speech signal. The audio signal is delivered by speaker.This device can also monitor the surrounding temperature and location of that person and send it through WIFI.

High Dimensional Health Care Privacy Approach Using Blockchain Technology

2021-10-06T10:43:00+00:00

A large amount of data induced by different practices in communication network, which leads to huge volume of information that is troublesome for certain data processing and detailed functionality, hence to properly handle the collected information the cloud storage will aid and also provide the tools and mechanism required to manage the uncontrollable growth in Big Data. Blockchain technology reduces the dependence on a centralized authority to verify information integrity and ownership, as well as arbitrate transactions and exchange of digital resources, while enabling secure and undisclosed transactions along with agreements directly between interacting nodes. It has key properties, such as immutability, decentralization and transparency that could address urgent health care issues, such as incomplete point-of-care files, and difficult access to information on Patient health. An efficient and effective health care system requires interoperability, which allows software applications and technology platforms to communicate securely and seamlessly, exchange data, and use the exchanged data across health organizations and application vendors. Unfortunately, healthcare today suffers from fragmented data, delayed communications, and disparate workflow tools caused by the lack of interoperability. Blockchain offers the possibility of allowing access to complete and recognized longitudinal medical records with manipulations that are stored in fragmented systems in a secure and Pseudo-anonymous way. The proposed work carried out blockchain implementation in a fog computing environment and it also provided the automatic recovery of invalid chains. This also actuates the thump of those privacy concerns and the recommended solutions, providing forthcoming security related specifications to those liable for plotting, establishing, and sustaining Fog systems.

Subclasses of BI-Univalent Functions Associated with the Multiplier Transformation

2021-10-06T10:44:19+00:00

In this paper, we introduced two new subclasses of analytic bi-univalent functions by using multiplier transformation in the unit disc The coefficient bounds of for functions in these two new subclasses are obtained.

Cardless Multi-Banking ATM System Services using Face Recognition and OTP

2021-10-06T10:45:30+00:00

Currently systems are protected using many firewalls, IDS and security software. The existing system can be easily compromised by any tool used by an attacker. The aim of the system is to provide effective authentication from unauthorized users by providing three tier authentications which are login credentials, face Recognition scanner and OTP. The proposed methodology provides more control over data stored in the system by restricting the access to specific users for specific files with limited privileges and for a limited time period on the basis of secret key authentication using symmetric as well as asymmetric mechanisms. The integrity and confidentiality of data is fully guaranteed by not only encrypting the data using a secret key but also to the access permission and limited file information.

A Study On Perception Of People About Digital Learning

2021-10-06T10:47:16+00:00

In the era of sustainable growing technology, there is a vast growth in digital learning. Technology has taken over the traditional learning mode to digital learning and made it more flexible for all. This research will help to know people’s perception towards digital learning. We will also know how it has helped different age groups to learn new things with one click. A researcher has made questionnaire and circulated among different age groups by Google forms and analyzed the responses by using Pie charts and Bar Graph by Percentage Mode.

Image Forgery Detection using Modified Adaptive Over-Segmentation and Feature Matching

2021-10-06T10:48:28+00:00

With the emergence of digitisation of Visual Graphics it has been a constant need to extract typical features of Images. Forgery, on the other hand, is not something new to the world of Computer Graphics. In the past it was restricted to craftsmanship and writing and it didn’t affect human civilisation rather it was seen as an art for a few centuries. But, with the advent of the technology it has been noticed that by the use of computerised picture handling softwares and altering devices a picture can be easily changed and controlled. It is notably done nowadays to falsify and spread certain narratives through the Media and on the Internet. These alterations show that even graphical information is as vulnerable as any other information, questioning the credibility of digital images. This work is an improvement of an already existing Adaptive Over- Segmentation technique which has recently been used to detect forgery of a digital image by introducing a new feature of detection of forgery even if noise was introduced to the forged copy of the original image.

Crop Protection against Animals Based on Voice Recognition

2021-10-06T10:49:48+00:00

Crops in farms are often harmed by animals such as buffaloes, pigs, goats, birds, and wild elephants. Farmers suffer significant losses as a result of this. Farmers are unable to secure their fields for a full 24 hours. To address this problem, an animal identification device has been developed that detects the presence of animals and provides an alarm before diverting the animal without causing any damage. In this paper, we propose a new method using machine learning in a voice recognition kit, for insects and animals these voices are stored in the recognition module, as a training part. After this while testing, the detecting insect will have a reaction on the voice playback module and the speaker will automatically play an anti- voice. This is beneficial for the protection of crops in fields where constant monitoring is not possible.

Hit Song Prediction: Using Ant Colony Optimization for Feature Selection

2021-10-06T10:50:57+00:00

Hit Song Science is a binary classification problem which aims at anticipating the success of a song before its release. This is particularly useful to identify talented singers, musicians, lyricists etc. before they get contracts from Music labels. In this work, we considered the Hit Song Science problem as a classification problem and attempted to solve it using a feature selection technique known as Ant colony Optimization to identify most prominent and definitive features and improve upon the accuracy of previous work done on this problem statement. We have used Spotify Web API to extract acoustic features of almost 6000 songs accumulated from online repositories. We test multiple classification models such as XG Boost, Random Forest etc. on our dataset. The results demonstrate that, as compared to existing approaches, our approach selects a minimal number of features and achieves better performance.

Performance of Artificial Light Sources for Different Solar Cells

2021-10-06T10:52:12+00:00

Energy harvester is a new source available for low power devices. Instead of using primary and secondary batteries, use of energy harvester is always preferred. This paper mainly focuses on the use of artificial light for harvesting the energy. Artificial light is easily available in the offices, malls, hospitals, colleges, airports and at many more places. This paper discusses different types of artificial light sources, their wavelengths and selection for the suitable PV panel for harvesting energy from artificial light sources.

Touchless Embedded Design of Automation Dispenser System for Prevention of COVID-19

2021-10-06T10:53:46+00:00

Anautomatichandsanitizerdispensingmachine consistof fourcircuits that is hand sanitizer tank, liquid hand soap tank, drinkingwater tank, normal water tank is automated, non-contact, alcohol-based hand sanitizer dispenser, which finds its use in hospitals, workplaces, offices, schools and much more. Alcohol is basically a solvent,and also a very good disinfectant when compared to liquid soaporsolid soap, also it does not need water to wash off since it is volatileand vaporizes instantly after application to hands. It is also proventhataconcentrationofgreaterthan70%alcoholcankillCoronavirus in hands. Here, an ultrasonic sensor senses the handplacednearit,theAtmega8isusedasamicrocontroller,whichsenses the distance and the result is the pump running to pump outthehandsanitizer.

Effectiveness of Vedic Mathematics for 6th to 8th Standard Students

2021-10-06T10:55:03+00:00

In the classrooms we are noticed that many of the students are afraid from the Mathematics and everytime they invent such a way from solving examples of multiplicationat any chapters which they require. Many times students are not able to perform good at exam level and not to get full marks in it. According to this mater and poor performance of the students to solvethe such problems related with Mathematics solutions. The researcher takes such types of actionsand research to study on using Vedic Mathematics techniques of multiplication for students in the classrooms. The present study focused on the chapters of books of Mathematics of 6^th standard to 8^th standard. Solvethe examples with various methods of multiplication. This research is also focuses the performances of the students and time taken for solving the problems with related graphs.

Experimental Work on Mini Solar Dryer for Household Items

2021-10-06T16:58:16+00:00

The paper presents an active distributed type solar dryer. The dryer is essential for many purposes but still, very few people are using it in their house. Dryer main function is to dry the item like banana, mango, potatoes, chilies, marine products and many more. The household dryer will be dealt with the drying of potatoes, bananas, chilies, and also helps in removing the insects, ants from the pulses, serials, rice, and many more items. Therefore, a dryer that can be suitable for household items is prepared and experimented with. The solar dryer is prepared with an objective of less area utilization, with a maximum capacity of 5 kg for Banana and other products, and having less cost. The experimentation work on the dryer was done. The product used to dry was banana. The 1 kg banana slices were made at a size of 2 to 3 mm with the help of a slicer and then it was dried in the solar dryer. The time of drying is observed and the result is concluded based on the experimented data. The banana slices dry faster due to the forced convection done by using the fans. The dryer shows that it can dry the banana slices in 3 hours with a moisture content of 30 to 40 % and total drying can occur with 5 hours of drying.

Semi Automatic Washing Machine, New Area for Research with Increase in Demand from Rural Market

2021-10-06T16:59:52+00:00

Depending upon the location like cities or villages, customers who purchase white goods and consume them are generally divided into rural vs urban areas. In recent years, there is an increase in demand from rural areas, which shows that organizations have to consider their buying behaviour and understand factors affecting buying behaviour. This paper talks about a few factors which can influence their buying behaviour and some dissimilarity in their consuming, purchasing, priorities and decision making process. These factors will help manufacture industries where they can focus and meet the customer satisfaction in coming years by considering the rural area purchase power.

Gear Cutting Cost Optimization by Hob Tool Communization through Simulation

2021-10-06T17:00:59+00:00

the transmission system is one of the main parts that determines the behaviour, power and fuel economy of a vehicle. Transmission performance is usually related to gear efficiency, gear noise and gear shift comfort during gear change. Apart from the above performance parameters COST plays an important role for downsizing the cost of vehicles in these competitive markets. Cost reduction processes are running in every module of vehicle such in engine no of cylinder downsizing from 4 to 3 cylinders. Weight reduction in overall powertrain housings & structural components. But this is not enough to achieve overall vehicle target cost reduction so there is a need of exploring other cost reduction parameters such as alternate material, alternate suppliers, alternate manufacturing processes or use of common tools to manufacture the parts with different configurations & sizes. Considering tool communization as an opportunity a virtual study was done based on the engineering calculations & use of gear generation principles. Taking professional software as a tool problem of hobbing simulation on involute gear was studied and virtual hobbing simulation of hobbing on the whole gear was completed by using macros of AutoCAD, key factors of gears and the cutting tool have been identified and their effect on gear simulation are shown by calculation process. Through this simulation process a single hob tool profile was simulated on different gears to see the effect on gear parameters deviations basically on gear root diameter through which the designer can decide the usefulness of gear for the further applications. The results of engineering calculations & simulation were found to be inline. This is a cost effective method to achieve the cost benefits of hob tool communization without affecting quality parameters.

Design and Optimization Process of Press Tools Using Forming Analysis, for Crossmember Rear Floor Automobile Panel

2021-10-06T17:02:03+00:00

This paper highlights the optimization process of press tools for cross member rear floor automobile panels by using the results of forming a simulation. The cross member rear floor is a part of BIW of automobile use for reinforcement of the rear floor. High strength steel components have more spring back than conventional steel, which affects the dimensional accuracy of finished parts. Spring back compensation is a big challenge while stamping a sheet metal component. Generally the restrike tool is implemented while deciding the process of press tool for rectification of spring back. The geometric change of a part at the end stage of the forming process when it is released from press called spring back, is again hitted in the restrike tool to achieve the required shape of the part. According to this Cross member rear floor panel requires three no. of tools to produce it, 1. Draw tool 2. Trim & pierce tool & 3. Restrike Tool. In Spring back compensation, a countermeasure of spring back, is carried out during the forming simulation to improve the stamped part and tool quality before the real tryout phase. The computation of the compensation value can be carried out with the help of simulation, and the compensated tool geometry used as input for Draw operation and avoided restrike tool. A final stamping can be achieved within the required tolerances. Spring back compensation allows engineers to substantially reduce time and cost in engineering and try out.

Review on Investigation of Particle Damping Technique for Vibration Suppression in Different Applications

2021-10-06T17:03:12+00:00

The vibration and noise have demolished effect on the mechanical systems. These two are major undesirable parameter present in industrial application. Vibration damping is one of the reactive vibration control method, which is mostly used to control and lessen surplus vibrations in mechanical system. Particle damping is a technique to provide damping with the help of granular particles. It works in combination of impact and friction damping. The particles absorb kinetic energy through particle-to-particle and particle-to-wall frictional collisions. Due to inelastic impacts and surface contact between particles, the vibrational verve is frequently dispersed in any system. The dissipation of vibrational energy will occur due to impact, exchange of energy and friction in between particle and surrounding. The particles at various particle size, constant rotational speed and load are considered. Because of its extreme simplicity, high effectiveness and low cost, it has an enormous potential for vibration and noise suppression in a wide range of application.

This review paper presents a particle damping method applied for different applications to subdue the vibration. This technology has been widely used for different applications such as robots, weightless environments of outer space i.e., spacecraft, airplane, rocket launcher, surgical and dental application, to rarefy vibrations of civil structures and other lightly damped structures to damp the vibrations. The literature review divulges the importance of particle damping technique in vibration suppression.

Physio-Mechanical Investigation of Hemp Fibre Reinforced Brake Pad Materials

2021-10-06T17:04:16+00:00

Brake pads are the most important component of the automobile braking system and they play an important role in safe riding. Brake pads convert the kinetic energy of the vehicle into thermal energy by the use of friction. Different types of brake pads such as metallic brake pad, semi-metallic, ceramic brake pad have been evolved till date. These brake pads contribute a major share in non-exhaust brake wear debris and pollution causing fatal health issues. Replacement of metal and mineral fibres with potential candidate natural fibre can reduce hazardous pollution. In recent years the amount of research on natural fibres and natural fibre-based composites has increased substantially in brake pads, as they were lightweight, biodegradable and cheap. In this paper, three brake pad specimens (C1, C2, C3) were fabricated with hemp fibre along with basalt fibre and aluminium fibre using the compression moulding technique. The physio mechanical properties such as density, water absorption, hardness etc. were tested as per ASTM and ISO standards. The experimental and mathematical results were validated. The impact fractures of the composites were analysed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that the composition of hemp along with basalt (C2) gave better physio mechanical properties like hardness, impact and compressive strength.

Solar Tracking System: A Review

2021-10-06T17:05:27+00:00

The biggest challenge for the past century was the reduction of fossil fuels and coming up with alternative sources of power generation which are not only renewable but also sustainable and green. Solar power ticks all the above boxes with only one problem, tracking the sun's direction of motion according to the time and changing the relative angle of the panel. Here, solar trackers are a better option to raise efficiency whilst saving our environment. In this paper we are reviewing some of the major types of solar trackers and trying to discuss which eons are better for India.

Dynamic Analysis and Optimization of Ladder Frame Chassis

2021-10-06T17:06:39+00:00

The chassis is an automobile's carrying assembly, on which components such as the engine, transmission shaft, and other parts are mounted. The frame is the vehicle's foundation. Automobile manufacturers are attempting to outperform their competitors by improving efficiency and reducing weight in order to improve fuel economy, long life, low cost, and short delivery time. The paper presents a dynamic analysis of ladder-frame chassis. The modal analysis is done using structural steel and Aluminum alloy. When the findings were compared, structural steel was chosen for further investigation because its deformation was less than that of Aluminum Alloy. Later, the natural frequencies were investigated, and it was discovered that some of them correspond to the excitation frequencies of a vehicle under various conditions, such as 24-30 Hz for slow speed and 50 Hz for higher speed. To prevent this, a design change was made to shift the natural frequency away from the critical range, thereby avoiding the resonance. A 3D model of the ladder chassis is made using SOLIDWORKSmodelling software. Then meshing is done in HYPERMESH. After several trials and errors, a final optimized design was developed that meets the requirements of the critical natural frequency spectrum to prevent resonance.

Design and Analysis of Engine Mount of FSAE Car

2021-10-06T17:07:43+00:00

The FSAE car is designed to give high performance and is highly manoeuvrable, thereby powertrain components are subjected to various forces due to high rates of acceleration and deceleration. This induces high static and dynamic stresses in the mount. It is also subjected to huge amounts of vibrations which are generated by the engine. Hence, the stress generation, deformation and factor of safety in the critical region of the mount should be predetermined to avoid the failure of the mount. To minimize the vibrations of the engine transferred to the chassis, the engine mount should be designed in such a way that the operating frequency range of the engine should not coincide with the natural frequency of the mount. This paper discusses the Modelling, Meshing, Static Structural Analysis and Modal analysis of engine mount for a FSAE car.

Static Structural and Modal Analysis of Engine Mount

2021-10-06T17:08:45+00:00

In any automotive vehicle, the engine is being held in its position with the help of the engine mount. The engine mount plays a very important role in performance of the vehicle and providing a comfortable ride to the passengers. The engine mount is subjected to various forces and a large amount of vibrations. The large amount of vibrations are being generated by the engine, followed by vibrations generated by the road roughness. Hence, the mounting of the engine should be well constrained and the engine mounts need to be designed to safely bear the inertial loads and reduce the vibrations. In this paper, the CAD modelling of the mount is done using Solidworks. The meshing of the engine mount has been done using 3D tetra elements in order to achieve more accurate results. Static Structural analysis has been done to check the stress generation and deformation in the critical areas of the mount to avoid the catastrophic failure of the mount. Also, the natural frequencies of the mounts are determined by performing modal analysis, to ensure that the natural frequency of the mount does not coincide with the operating frequency of the engine to avoid resonance, thus reducing the vibrations.

Effect of Parametric Analysis on Gearbox Vibration Using Particle Damping Method

2021-10-06T17:09:45+00:00

Vibration damping is reactive vibration control method, which is mostly used to control and diminish surplus vibrations induced in mechanical systems. In present study, analysis of vibrations for gear box by using particle damping method. In particle damping (PD), an impact mass is tightly attached to the main vibrating configuration to satisfy the vibrations. The impact mass contains number of particles. The dissipation of vibrational energy will occur due to impact, exchange of energy and friction in between main mass and impact mass. Particle impact dampers are used to decrease the undesirable vibration in engineering applications such as gear box. Aim of this study is to perform parametric analysis (Frequency domain and time domain parameters) for vibration of gearbox. The scope of the study is limited to with consideration of particle damping only. This paper attempts to investigate this problem by applying several signal processing and features selection techniques to find the most sensitive features (and sensors) for vibration analysis of the gearbox system under consideration. The methodology followed in this work consists of use of an experimental setup where it is possible to introduce the multiple faults in gear and bearing simultaneously. In Procedure the particle damping method is applied to vibration of gear box in different combinations like 10%,30%50%,70% and 100%. Analysis of this study show that out of 24 parameters only 5-6 parameters show drastically variation. The contribution of this study is a new method is developed wherein vibration using parametric analysis an effect of parametric analysis on particle damping method applied for single stage gearbox to suppress the vibration to improving Impact damping method has been established. This implementation of results of the study are for improving life of the system component.

Structural Behavior of Three-Wheeler Composite – Aluminum Honeycomb Chassis Using FEA: A Review

2021-10-06T17:11:21+00:00

Change in design of chassis brings in a change in vibration pattern and stress pattern will also change for impact loading conditions. Front, side, and rear impact simulations can be carried out to obtain displacement and stress distribution patterns. The three-dimensional CAD model is designed using CATIA. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software ANSYS is used to determine the natural frequencies of the three-wheeler chassis. Weight optimization of three-wheeler chassis can be performed by using a composite - aluminum honeycomb structure. The conceptual design can be primarily manufactured using E-glass fiber and aluminum pipe. Modal analysis of modified three-wheeler composite - aluminum honeycomb chassis can be done using ANSYS workbench. Experimental validation of the natural frequency of the chassis can be done using an FFT analyzer and impact hammer.

Design and Development of Fruit Sanitization Machine by Using Combined Sanitization Techniques

2021-10-06T17:12:52+00:00

It has been observed that washing of fruits are mostly done manually. This method involves a lot of drudgery which is inefficient and time consuming. Hence, there is a need to mechanize this process for ease of operation and maintenance of hygiene. An attempt has been made to develop fruit washer which is conceptualized to wash a range of fruits based on roundness or spherical shape. These fruits are orange, mango, apple, pineapple pawpaw, cashew and passion fruits. The machine is designed with essential components being the feed hopper, roller , tank, water jet system, main frame and discharge outlet. The machine has been developed with the locally available materials powered by electric motor.

Design Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Dual Motor Hoist Mechanism

2021-10-06T17:14:12+00:00

Hoist is very important material handling equipment in industry because of safety, fast speed, reliability etc. Many operators and owners of hoists and cranes fear the possible catastrophic damage that can occur if the driving motor of a unit fails for any reason. This may result in a loss of life, as well as damage to products or property. Important production time is also lost due to hoist downtime. As a result, in the event that the motor fails, a safety mechanism is needed to prevent the above-mentioned damages. One alternative is to use a planetary gear drive to combine the power of two motors of equal rating. Prototype of dual motor hoist mechanism is developed with optimal load lifting capacity, optimal factor of safety. 3-D modeling of set-up is done using Unigraphics Nx-8.0 and CAE of critical components and meshing done using ANSYS Work-bench 14.5. Comparing the theoretical and analytical results we concluded that the mechanism is safe and spur gear configuration is used for regular lifting applications and the planetary system is used for back up.

Failure Diagnosis and Analysis of Pilot Bearing Used in Diesel Engine Crankshaft

2021-10-06T17:15:11+00:00

This paper deal with one of the causes of pilot bearing failure in crankshaft and its diagnosis and static analysis by ANSYS software, the bearing failure causes has been determined by various probable causes such as bore diameter of crank shaft, press fit tool dolly physically check, particles in bearing, checking the radial internal clearance between outer casing and bearing ball, checking crank shaft bore depth and roundness of bearing. In addition, selection of new pilot bearing is also done based on causes of failure.

Nanomaterials in Automotive Applications: A Review and its Technical Aspects

2021-10-06T17:16:20+00:00

Nanomaterials have prompted a lot of attention due to their unique physical and chemical features. Nanomaterials are the result of nanotechnology and nanoscience. Nanomaterial is a huge area in and of itself, but it has the potential to revolutionize the way materials and products are created. The objective of this paper is to organize a report that contains the latest development in the field of nanotechnology in the automobile sector. This paper also revealed that increasing the use of Nanomaterials in automobiles makes transportation considerably healthier for the environment while also improving the performance of automobile parts. In automobiles, nanomaterials such as aluminium carbon nanotube composites, carbon nanotubes, aluminium silicon carbide composites, and graphene are commonly used. This paper reviewed the use of these materials in many vehicle industries, as well as hurdles for future applications.

Modal Analysis of Glass Fiber Composite Frontal Car Beam by FEA

2021-10-06T17:17:38+00:00

Car bumper beam is auxiliary segment of a car vehicle which is intended to forestall or reduce physical damage to the front or backsides of traveler engine vehicles by engrossing the effect vitality and circulating the pressure opposite to the heading of effect. Alongside the job of security, eco-friendliness and outflow gas guidelines are in effect progressively significant as of late that urge the maker to lessen the heaviness of traveler vehicles. The point of this examination is to upgrade the presentation of frontal effect pillar (FIB) by improving the basic parameter utilizing crash and modular investigation. It is proposed to make FIB utilizing Glass Fiber Epoxy (GFE) Hybrid composite material. New composite is created to fit the structure parameter. At long last, got properties of (GFE) Hybrid composite material is utilized for recreation and modular examination and results have been confirmed with existing FIB material. The wary structure and investigation of FIB parameters using ANSYS software are completed to improve the quality, and decrease the weight. The outcomes show that material can limit the bumper beam avoidance, impact power and stress distribution and furthermore boost the flexible strain vitality.

CFD Analysis of two wheeler silencer and its noise control with the help of CAD and CAE Tools

2021-10-06T17:18:57+00:00

Exhaust systems are developed to control emissions and to attenuate noise vibration and harshness to meet the regulatory requirements. The exhaust system components are manifold, close coupled and underbody catalytic converters, flexible bellows, muffler, resonator, connecting pipes, flanges, and tailpipe.” A well-designed exhaust system collects exhaust gases from engine cylinders and discharges them as quickly and silently as possible.

This work focuses on the exhaust silencer for two wheeler vehicles. Study will include CFD analysis and Fluid structural interaction analysis to be performed on the current design of the exhaust silencer with boundary conditions as per engines. Design of the silencer will be generated according to requirements. Exhaust gas temperatures, Velocities and back pressure will be evaluated and verified through Finite Element Analysis package ANSYS. Also the modal analysis is performed to study the effect of geometric change on the natural frequency of the system. Actual testing will be performed by manufacturing a modified exhaust silencer and testing it on the two wheeler engine test rig for back pressure and noise.

Topology Optimization of Foot Pedal Using Generative Design Approach

2021-10-06T17:20:02+00:00

Over the years, Foot pedal is used as an actuator in automobiles, aircraft, industrial machinery for applying some force and getting the desired output. With reference to wide application of foot pedals, this paper focuses on optimization of conventional mechanical models into a more efficient design in terms of cost, material, time and productivity. Under the scope of the article the conventional foot pedal was remodeled with the objective function of reducing its mass making it lighter and less bulky. This is being done with use of Altair Inspire software by using three different optimization variants namely Topology optimization, Lattice Optimization and Polynurbs Shape Optimization, and came up with various possibilities which could replace traditional designs.

Heat Transfer Enhancement of Diesel Engine Radiator Using Nanofluid

2021-10-06T17:21:16+00:00

In vehicles nowadays, liquid cooled engines are the new trend in which the vehicles have a cooling system with the help of coolants. The existing coolant which is used in maximum vehicles is a mixture of distilled water with ethylene glycol. But these coolants provide less heat transfer. So with advancements of new technologies and several researches, results were found that there was enhancement in heat transfer when we used nanofluids. Hence we can use nanofluids as a replacement for the conventional coolant. One more advantage of using nanofluids is that we can also use a small sized radiator which can yield us the same result. Hence this can reduce the weight of the vehicle. We chose Copper oxide(CuO) as our nanofluid and Sodium Do-decyl sulphate(SDS) as surfactant to overcome the settling problem.

OEE Improvement of VMC Machine by Implementing Lean Manufacturing for Brake Adapter Ring

2021-10-06T17:22:41+00:00

To manage the manufacturing,Over the years, a variety of management techniques have been developed. Any manufacturing business faces basic issues such as waste of time, manpower, finances, and overworked employees. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a good technique for analysing a machine's effectiveness, and it really reduces complicated production issues to a simple and intuitive presentation of data.It aids in the systematic analysis of the operation and the identification of possible problem areas impacting machine utilisation. The aim of work is to improve the production rate of the machine by observing the various parameters such as down times, programs of the job and the time study for the job. Using the observed values to calculate the OEE and using OEE as the performance measurement tool for the machine. The various ongoing processes on the job and the finding out areas for improvement.

Mode Shape based Damage Identification in Plate Using Support Vector Machine

2021-10-06T17:23:51+00:00

Monitoring of health of a structure has become most important and crucial task in many engineering field. Recently, the algorithms like artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) based on pattern recognition background gaining more popularity in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). In the present research article SVM based technique is proposed in order to locate the damage in aluminum plate structure using raw mode shape data. Two boundary conditions namely, cantilever and fixed-free-fixed-free have been considered due to simplicity in replicating the experiments. The damage is introduced by creating a long narrow cut (slit) of specific dimension. The proposed technique is first applied on simulated mode shape data and then it has been validated using experimental mode shape data. Finite element simulations have been carried out using Abaqus® package. Experimental set up has been developed in laboratory and laser doppler vibrometer (LDV) is used to extract the experimental mode shapes. Based on results obtained using simulation and experimental mode shape data it can be deduce that the SVM is a promising tool in the field of SHM

Design and Analysis of Automated Wheelchair cum Bed with Sanitizer Mechanism

2021-10-06T17:24:55+00:00

India accounts 2.1% of its population for the paraplegic individuals and the count is increasing. Now in case of an emergency, these individuals face a lot of problem while transferring them from their wheelchairs onto a stretcher. Hence to avoid this issue, a dual-purpose wheelchair is proposed in order to solve this major issue. A dual-purpose wheelchair facilitates a wheelchair [sitting mode] and a stretcher [sleeping mode] which helps the individuals to sit or sleep with much ease. Also in case of an emergency, they won’t be required to shift from a wheelchair onto a stretcher, avoiding further risks. The design of wheelchair is done keeping in mind the ergonomics and the cost of production, which makes it more comfortable and affordable for everyone. These dual-purpose wheelchairs can be can be used in schools, colleges, offices, industries and hospitals in case of an emergency. We have also fixed sanitizing mechanism onto the wheelchair so as to keep preventive measures of current COVID-19 pandemic and other viruses away from the individuals/patients.

Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Carbon/Coir Fiber and Epoxy Hybrid Composite Material

2021-10-06T17:25:58+00:00

In recent years, composite material is used as an alternative material for materials like metal, wood, etc. due to its lightweight, high strength to weight ratio and stiffness properties. Natural fibers like coir fiber, bamboo fiber, jute fiber, banana plant fiber, etc have low cost, easy availability and are less harmful to humans. Also, carbon fiber has various properties such as high strength to weight ratio, rigidity, good tensile strength, fatigue resistance, fire resistance/not flammable, high thermal conductivity. This research work aims to investigate the mechanical properties of Carbon fiber, Coir fiber and Epoxy composite material by using FEA software Ansys APDL R15.0 and validating results experimentally by using UTM. ASTM D3039 and ASTM D3410 standards were used for FEA and experimental work (specimen Preparation and testing). To find the mechanical properties i.e. tensile and compressive properties of specimen respectively for fiber ply orientation angle 0⁰-0⁰-0⁰, the tensile and compressive tests were conducted on the prepared specimens. The tensile and compressive properties in ANSYS were 350.17 Mpa and 14.47 Mpa respectively. Experimentally the results of tensile and compressive properties were 337.6 Mpa and 13.53 Mpa respectively.

Experimental Analysis for Multi Criteria Optimization for Drilling Process for En 31 Material

2021-10-06T17:27:00+00:00

The paper deals with optimization of surface finish and hole diameter accuracy in the dry drilling process by using Taguchi method with input parameters as speed, drill depth, feed and type of tool. The experiment was conducted on CNC drilling machine using HSS twist drills for EN31 steel.The parameters of hole quality are analyzed under varying cutting speeds (30, 40, and 50 m/min), feed rates (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mm/rev), depths of drilling (15 and 20 mm), and different drilling tools (Uncoated, TiN- and TiAlN) with a 118° point angle. Taguchi’s experimental design method was used for settings of the drilling parameters. Orthogonal arrays of Taguchi, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analyses were employed to find the optimal levels and to analyze the effect of the drilling parameters on surface finish and hole diameter accuracy. The outcome of this research revealed drill depth, feed rate and cutting speed have significant effects on the hole diameter accuracy; cutting speed and drill depth have significant effects on the surface finish. Confirmation tests with the optimal levels of machining parameters were carried out in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the Taguchi optimization method. The validity of Taguchi’s approach to process optimization is well established.

Monitoring of Agriculture Parameter through Sensors for Productivity Enhancement

2021-10-06T17:30:23+00:00

Abstract - High productivity is a need of this time in the agriculture field as well.The wireless sensor network technology has found its implementation in precision agriculture as a result of the need for high productivity. Among the different technologies for crop monitoring, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are recognized as a powerful one to collect and process data in the agricultural domain with low-cost and low-energy consumption. Agriculture and farming is one of the industries which have recently diverted their attention to WSN, seeking this cost effective technology to improve its production and enhance agriculture yield standard.Many developing countries are now focusing on agriculture led development. Yet the sector has its own challenges. The impressive progress of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the Developing World and extent of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applicability indicates the possibility of applying this technology in the context of developing countries.

Find Out the Relationship between First & Second Order Factors for Competitive Advantage Using CFA for Supplier Development in Indian Manufacturing Case

2021-10-06T17:31:32+00:00

In this paper, researchers have discovered critical factors for supplier relationship development and their relationship among each other. In order to analyze this exogenous variable in relation with endogenous variables was done in SPSS. This result has been validated on Amos for second order confirmation for reliability of the items with their exogenous variables. For keeping core competency in mind as well as make buyer more compatible. They have to make their supplier competitive as well to stay in market. As it is not possible to manufacture all components in house, supplier base of buyer should be self-efficient and developed one. This development of supplier can be achieved by applying different supplier development practices as per the requirement. For being competitive in market, supplier base of buyer should be self-efficient and this can be achieved through implementing supplier development practices. The multi-item scale shows strong evidence of reliability as well as convergent, Discriminant validity in a sample. Confirmatory Factor Analysis for first order and second order and Reliability Analysis are applied on data for validation of instrument. Data from 512 respondents from automotive industry were used for analysis.

“Performance of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Using Nanofluids.”

2021-10-06T17:32:58+00:00

Nanoparticles combined with base fluid (water) and corrugated tube is regarded as a very efficient strategy for providing high heat transfer performance between the target surface and working fluid in different applications. Here two types of tubes are used to evaluate the heat transfer rate viz corrugated tube and plain tube. A double tube heat exchanger is used to study and evaluate the difference between heat transfer rate of corrugated tube and plain tube. It aims to provide an experimental investigation on the thermal conductivity enhancement and heat transfer performance of water based Al₂O₃ (Alumina Powder) and CuO (Copper Oxide) nanofluids. Nanofluids at different concentrations of 0.25 %, 0.5 % and 1 % were prepared by a two-step method. Enhancements in Thermal conductivity and heat transfer performance of nanofluids were achieved. Nanofluids have shown the best results with a maximum of 36.25% increase in enhancement ratio of thermal conductivity and Al₂O₃ nanofluids by 19.76% at 1 % concentration for both Nanofluids. Finally, from this study it is observed that CuO nanofluid provides the best heat transfer rate compared to Al₂O₃ nanofluid with a combination of corrugated tube rather than plain tube.

Tribological Performance of Hemp Fibre Reinforced Eco-friendly Brake Friction Material.

2021-10-06T17:35:00+00:00

The key components that play an important role in riding safety are brake pads. It's used to slow down the vehicle and bring it to a complete stop. Asbestos and non-asbestos brake pads are the two most common types of brake pads. Asbestos brake pads are carcinogenic. Theaim of this study is to create an environmentally friendly alternative composite material for brake pads. The development of an asbestos-free brake pad using hemp fibre, aluminiumfibre, and basalt fibre, its investigation for tribological properties such as wear and friction, is done. Compression moulding was used to create three specimens, which were then post-cured in a furnace.Thecompositesaresubjectedtoapinondiscinvestigationtodeterminethewearrate andfrictionalbehaviourundera20Nload.Thefindingssuggestthathempfibrecompositehas a lower wear rate and coefficient of friction values than aluminium and basalt fibre reinforced composites,butwithinacceptablerangeforbrakepadmaterials.Scanningelectronmicroscopy is used to examine the surface wearmorphology.

Design and Analysis of Cylinder Fins

2021-10-06T17:36:18+00:00

The 110cc engine cylinder is one of the major automobile components,whichis subjected to high temperature variations and thermal stresses. In order to cool the cylinder, finsare provided on the cylinder to increase the rate of heat transfer. By doing thermal analysis on the 110cc engine cylinder fins, it is helpful to know the heat dissipation through the cylinder. The study implemented in this paper is to increase the heat dissipation rate by using the invisible working fluid, nothing but air[3].The main purpose of using these cooling fins is to cool the 110cc engine cylinder by any air. We know that, by increasing the surface area of the fin can increase the heat dissipation rate, so designing such a large complex 110cc engine is very difficult. A parametric model of piston bore fins will be developed to predict the thermal behavior[3]. The parametric model will be created in 3D modeling software Creo 7.0. Thermal analysis Willbe done on the fins to determine variation in temperature distribution over time. The analysis will be done using ANSYS. Analysis will be conducted by varying material. Presently Material used for manufacturing fin body is Gray Cast Iron, Magnesium Alloy, Chromium Alloy, SiliconAlloy.

Automated Cantilever Exchange and Optical Alignment for High-Throughput, Parallel Atomic Force Microscopy

2021-10-06T17:37:41+00:00

The atomic force microscope (AFM) force curve has been widely used for determining the mechanical properties of materials due to its high resolution, whereby very low (piconewton) forces and distances as small as nanometers can be measured. To increase the throughput of AFM in industrial applications, the ability to automatically exchange and align the cantilever in a very short time with sufficient accuracy is required. However, sometimes the resultant force curve obtained from AFM is slightly different from those obtained from a more typical nanoindentation force curve due to the AFM piezo’s hysteresis. Recently a new microcantilever design was introduced to achieve higher-harmonic nonlinear atomic force microscopy (AFM) by utilizing the benefits of intentional nonlinearity in design (Jeong et al., 2016). We investigated the apparent Young’s modulus, Em, of soft materials with the surface tilt angle, as measured by colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM measurements of soft polymer hydrogels and natural unfertilized eggs showed a clear universal behavior of Em as a function of the tilt angle, θ, of the sample surface at the local contact area. This microcantilever was designed with an inner Si paddle so that the linearized frequencies of the leading-order bending modes of the base beam and the inner paddle are in 1:3 rational relationships.

Automatic Seed Sowing Machine

2021-10-06T17:39:11+00:00

In India, near about 70% people are dependent upon agriculture. So the agricultural system in India should be advanced to reduce the efforts of farmers. Various numbers of operations are performed in the agriculture field like seed sowing, weeding, cutting, pesticide spraying etc. Very basic and significant operation is seed sowing. But the present methods of seed sowing are problematic. The equipmentused for seed sowing are very difficult and inconvenient to handle. So there is a need to develop equipment which will reduce the efforts of farmers. This system introduces a control mechanism which aims to drop seeds at particular position with specified distance between two seeds and lines while sowing. The drawbacks of the existing sowing machine will be removed successfully in this automatic machine.The main reason behind automation of farming processes are saving the time and energy required for performing repetitive farming tasks and increasing the productivity of yield by treating every crop individually using precision farming concept.Currently inventions are going on tomanufacture various seed sowing machines. Jethro Tull was the first man to invent this kind of machine and thereafter various machines are invented in order to get the maximum efficiency. This result in minimization of the total cost of production, saving of time and reduction in the effort involved in the process. The new technology should also be economically feasible and hence the behavior of the technology and its role in the society is an important consideration before developing a new product or process. In this work a seed sowing machine has been developed that help the farmers in harvesting the best crop with least efforts.

Design Analysis and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicle with Adaptive Headlight

2021-10-06T17:40:41+00:00

The aim is to design and develop a control system based an intelligentelectronically controlled automotive bumper activation system called " IR Sensor PVCGo-Kart for Accident Prevention with Pneumatic Bumper& Braking System ". Thissystem consists of IR transmitter and Receiver circuit, Control Unit, Pneumatic bumpersystemandbrakingunit.Thisoutputisgiventologiccircuittoindicatethefinaloutput i.e. alarm and the control signal is given to the bumper activation system braking unit.Thepneumaticbumpersystemisusedtoprovidesafetytothemanandvehicle.

Design and Analysis of Welding Fixture Machine to Hold Two-Wheeler Chassis

2021-10-06T17:41:58+00:00

In recent times manufacturing industries have shown more interest towards automation, in other words, the industries today emersed with evolving technology. It is obvious that industry automation stream lines the operation in terms of speed, reliability and product output in this welding fixtures for two wheeler’s chassis is modeled using CAD (CATIA / SolidWorks / Creo parametric), and the modeling has been done it should go through the analysis part by using any CAE (HyperMesh / Ansys) Software. Forces are calculated and analysis has been carried out in the precision placing of one circular component over another circular component during the welding process. Here the difficulty is overcome by the new design of the fixture. In the field of welding engineering where a consistently good quality, low cost with maximum productivity is must this accuracy is done by without automation.

Intelligent Braking System in Vehicles

2021-10-06T17:43:18+00:00

Nowadays, the majority of accidents occur due to negligence of drivers. Many fatal accidents have occured due to this reason. This paper focuses on preventing car collisions using Intelligent Braking System in automobiles. A Ultrasonic setup is placed in front of the vehicles and the setup consists of an emitter & a receiver. Ultrasonic emitter emits the ultrasonic waves, whenever an obstacle is detected then the wave gets reflected and the receiver receives the signal. Reflected waves send the signal to the Arduino Uno. The Arduino Uno is used to activate the Solenoid Valve. The Pneumatic Brakes are actuated by using Solenoid valves. IBS car provides the glimpse into the future of automotive safety. By the IBS system we can prevent more accidents and save more lives.

Vortex Wind Turbine

2021-10-06T17:44:42+00:00

A vortex wind turbine is a device is based on the vortex shedding effect. Wind bypasses structure to form vortices causing vibration. This system is less costly as compared to the blade wind turbine. The generation of electricity from renewable sources is today's demand. This system can be used for generating electricity. Instead of the regular wind blades, the device has a mast. This puts the system at a very less range of capital intensity for such projects, It is a great form of technology for harnessing the wind, which can be of great use in rural areas.

Design and Analysis Of Lever Operated Bicycle

2021-10-06T17:46:06+00:00

Man, since the dawn of time has always innovated new modes and methods of transportation as soon as he discovered and invented what can arguably called the most important of all time, the circular wheel. Perhaps the oldest and most economical modern machine was made using two wheels – The humble Bicycle. The most common bicycle is propelled by a chain drive system where in the rotation of pedals moves the chain linkage thusly moving the connected rear wheel. The usage of gear-pinion pair and chain linkage causes several problems including and not limited to fast

wear and tear, more frequent maintenance and high replacement costs of intricately manufactured parts. Identifying such problems, us colleagues decided to help improve the overall efficiency and cost to value parameters by replacing the chain driven system with a lever driven system. The lever drive system, unlike rotating pedals, works only on the vertical

movement of pedals. The purpose of including vertical pedaling is to eliminate the alternating torque that causes less than maximum potential harnessing of the input power due to link system. The lever drive consists of the vertical axis moving pedals which includes a connecting rod transmitting the power from pedal to the disc mechanism connected to the hub of the rear wheel which propels the cycle forward. The usage of lever drive system results into lesser maintenance costs,

more power output to input ratio and has a longer life than chain drive systems. The main purpose of this project work is to decrease the effort required human for cycling in general while simultaneously trying to prolong a bicycle’s life; and providing a medium of transportation for peoples with handicaps, weak legs etc by reducing the effort and eliminating the alternating torque.

Modification of Gym Equipment to Generate Electricity

2021-10-06T17:49:19+00:00

As energy across the world continues to rise, there is a strong need to develop new methods for energy conservation and power generation, particularly approaches that have less environmental impacts. Although human power is not ideal in terms of life cycle costs, but Smart Energy Harvesting using physical exercising machines which are feasible enough to harvest power seems to promise a new source of renewable energy. Biomechanical energy constitutes a clean, portable energy alternative to the fossil fuels currently being used. There is also the untapped potential for harnessing human power at most fitness facilities. Nowadays spin bike was commonly used in the gym as well as at home for fitness purpose. Human has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for his sustenance and wellbeing. Due to this lot of energy resources have been exhausted and wasted. Proposal for the utilisation of waste energy of power generation by gym equipment is very much relevant and important for highly populated countries, where the people are also crazy about gym.In this project, we are generating electrical power as a non-conventional method by simply pull up and pull down. The non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time for every country. In this project we will harness the mechanical energy of the machine and convert it to electrical energy using a generator-based system and use it to power light bulb, cell phones and other small electrical appliances. This Lat pulldown machine consists of machine frame, modified slider crank mechanism, flywheel, gears and generator. The kinetic energy from the machine frame is supplied to the flywheel and then to the generator by means of gears. The part drawing of the various parts required for design of Lat pulldown machine are drawn by using Solidworks. This proposed system will help consuming our physical energy in some useful way. Further we conclude that the torque generated by the modified mechanism is sufficient to produce revolutions which generate approximately 5V of electricity, enough to charge a cell phone.

Numerical Analysis Damping to Reduce Effects on Spur Gear of Particle Vibrational

2021-10-06T17:51:19+00:00

The vibration and noise from gear transmission have great damage on the mechanical equipment and operators. Through inelastic collisions and friction between particles, the energy can be dissipated in gear transmission. A dynamic model of particle dampers in gear transmission was put forward in this project. The vibration from gear engagement is the main source of the noise and vibration of reducers under heavy load and high speed. In order to dissipate the energy as well as suppress the vibration, weintroduce the particle damping technology into gear transmission. In this paper, the model of the particle dampers is built in the inherent lighting holes of the gear. Then we use the discrete element method to analyse the kinematics and dynamics of the damping particles and determine the relationship between energy dissipation and friction coefficient (surface roughness) of the particles at different rotational speed and load. We come to the conclusion from simulation results that at low rotational speed, smoother particles have better damping effect, while at high speed, rougher particles are better. There is no evident relation between the load and the coefficient of static friction. Finally, the simulation results are verified by experimental results. This conclusion will provide theoretical basis for engineering practice.

The Review on Comparative Study of Different Types of Passive Solar Tracking Systems.

2021-10-06T17:52:34+00:00

Solar energy is an abundant and clean source of energy which is available everywhere. Due to these mentioned qualities, there is lot of research going on to make solar energy harnessing more optimized and more efficient. Solar tracking is a great option for achieving the aforementioned goals. This paper presents an introduction of solar energy scenarios including types of materials used for PV panels, types of tracking drives used and their subtypes. This paper also gives a brief comparison between the active and passive tracking system which will explain about their working principles. This paper discusses in brief the various passive solar tracking systems which are seen in various research papers studied for this review paper. The main focus is on studying and describing various passive solar tracking mechanism and the incremental efficiencies that these trackers offer to the system. The Passive solar tracking systems are mainly categorized in four types. These include trackers based on SMA (Shape Memory Alloys) type, gravity and weight differential type, fluid density based and thermal expansion type. The paper discusses various advantages and disadvantages of passive systems in consideration and illustrates their respective increment in energy output of PV cells with respect to a stationary one. The paper then concludes by mentioning the overall scenario of passive tracking systems, further improvements possible and how they may be a good choice for solar trackingsystems.

A Brief Review of Active Solar Tracking System

2021-10-06T17:54:02+00:00

Solar energy is abundantly available in Nature and is one of the cleanest sources. It can be collected using photovoltaic cells. solar concentrators and solar cookers etc. But the conventional fixed systems are not efficient and energy collected by them is intermittent in nature. This drawback can be overcome by introducing solar tracking systems for solar energy concentrators. In this paper some sensor based solar tracking systems have been reviewed and studied thoroughly. Working components, peculiarities have been studied and statistical data has been analysed. Advantages and Disadvantages are also discussed and possible sources of errors have been stated. As compared to the conventional fixed systems 20-40% increase in energy collection is observed for sensor-based tracking systems. Some chronological and Gear drive and chain drive-based systems have also been reviewed thoroughly.

Eye Sensor Braking with Pneumatic System

2021-10-06T17:55:34+00:00

The aim is to design and develop a control system based on intelligent electronically controlledautomotivebumper andanauxiliarybrakingsystembyactivationofpneumaticactuatorstoslowdownor completely stop the vehicle. This system consists of IR transmitter and Receiver circuit, ControlUnit, Pneumatic bumper system and braking unit. The IR sensor is used to measure eye blink. Thisproject involves measure and controls of the eye blink using IR sensor and then signaling the microcontroller to operate the circuit accordingly. The IR transmitter is used to transmit the infrared rays inthe eyes. The IR receiver is used to receive the reflected infrared rays from our eyes. If the eyes arecloseditmeanstheoutputofIRreceiverishighotherwisetheIRreceiveroutputislow.Thisistoknowthe whether the eye is closing or opening; position of the eye lids. This output is given to logic circuitto indicate the final output i.e. alarm and the control signal is given to the bumper activation systembrakingunit.Thepneumaticbumpersystemisusedtoprovidesafetytothepassengerandvehicle.Nowadayvehicleaccidentisthemajorproblem.Thisbrakingsystemisaninnovativeprojectforthepurposeof preventing accidents that happen on the freeways or roadways. The purpose of this system is basedon intelligent electronically control automatic bumper and brake activation system that will use amixtureofPneumaticcomponentsandaMicrocontrollertoactivatethebrakingsystemwhenascenarioofemergencyisabouttooccurduetothe drowsystateofthe driver.

Performance Analysis of IC Engine Using Acetylene as an Alternative Fuel

2021-10-06T17:56:56+00:00

In this 21^st century we are facing the shortage of fossil fuel And because of the increasing cost and increasing pollution which is the biggest threat to environment, the study of alternative fuel is required.

This project is focused on idea of using acetylene gas which is renewable in nature as a primary fuel in IC engine such that it reduces the emission and smoke coming out from the exhaust. In experiment we used the acetylene gas to run the engine on different loads by using dynamometer and various parameters calculated. When compared with the neat petrol operation parameters the reduction of various exhaust gas parameters and smoke can be observed.

Design and Manufacturing of Foam Roller Cutting Machine

2021-10-06T17:58:14+00:00

In large scale industries, where production rate is very high, labours make a key difference in build time, manufacturing cost and hence the total economic gain. The study focuses on designing and manufacturing a machine which can cut rollers from PU foam sheets at much higher rate than current process by understanding the working principle and the required product. Thus, the initial advantages are kept hold of and the drawbacks are overcame. The machine has applications mainly in painting industry.

Design of Powder Refiling Machine

2021-10-06T17:59:34+00:00

To design a powder refiling system for particulate control, it is necessary to accurately estimate cyclone performance. In this study, new theoretical methods for computing travel distance, numbers of turns and cyclone pressure drop have been developed. The flow pattern and cyclone dimensions determine the travel distance in the cyclone. The number of turns was calculated based on this travel distance. This theoretical analysis show that cyclone pressure drop varies with the inlet velocity, but not with cyclone diameter.

As the other cyclone designs fail to accurately estimate the number of effective turns, hence in this study we have used 2D2D design which is based on the calculation of number of effective turns. Based upon cut point diameter collection efficiency is calculated for any particle size which is also called fractional efficiency curve. The theoretical overall efficiency model developed in this research can be used for cyclone totalefficiency.

Design of Automatic Dry Waste Segregation System

2021-10-06T18:00:57+00:00

Currently, about 2.01 billion metric tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) are produced annually worldwide. The World Bank estimates overall waste generation will increase to 3.40 billion metric tons by 2050. With such huge amounts of waste being produced, management and disposal of waste become a herculean task. Moreover, the waste produced has many materials which may be reused profitably. A solid waste management system not only solves the problem of efficient disposal but also helps in recycling & reusing important resources. This also helps in reducing the impact of modern society & its needs on the environment.

India alone produces a staggering 62 million tonnes of waste of which 43 million tonnes is collected and merely 11.9 million tonnes is treated (less than 20%)! The rest of the waste ends up in landfills which not only pollute the environment but also increase the need for importing many raw materials for Indian industries from other countries. The current waste management practice in India involves collecting waste from sources through a community collective bin system, after which it gets transported to a low-lying landfill system with intermediate processing of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The open dumping practice is leading to various problems like pollution and health hazards. Both surface and groundwater are affected by this; in fact, groundwater is in a critical state. Current procedures are not ideal, hence, India is facing a solid waste management crisis.

The study and research conducted in this project will tackle the above-mentioned problems at the ground level while maintaining the highest level of possible effectiveness and mainly making the process automated and inexpensive. With the presence of a simple and inexpensive setup, we believe that such a system will be easy to integrate into the present waste management scenario at a considerably low cost and hence will try to tackle the solid waste management crisis faced by Indian and many other countries worldwide.

Functional Analysis of Snake Robot Having IR Vision Technology

2021-10-06T18:02:24+00:00

- In this study we to aim to present an overview of features of snake robots and their application across various fields. Snakes is blessed with a unique feature of moving over or climbing all most all kind of terrains, rough, muddy, watery, narrow cracks, tall trees and this unique mobility feature have inspired the creation of ‘Snake Robots’. Snake robots can work as a wonder to reach challenging and cluttered environments where it is impossible or too dangerous or narrow for human beings to operate. Snake robot is an innovation that has a great scope in India. Snake robots, thus, holds a lot in future and great scope for India. Snake robots can be used in various fields like agriculture, sanitation,firefighting, surveillance and maintenance of complex and possibly dangerous structures or systems such as nuclear plants or pipelines, intelligent services, media, exploration, research, education, military, disaster management, and rescue & search operations. These unique features and degrees of freedom of snake robots make them fascinating topic for research and is worth investment & applicability. With further innovations, the potential of snake robots can beexploited and give way to infinite applications.

Design and Analysis of Footstep Power Generation Unit Using Piezoelectric Tile.

2021-10-06T18:03:59+00:00

This system shows the utilization of human locomotion energy which, although extractable, goes mainly to waste. This system proposes a new model that uses human walking, jumping and running as a source of energy and stores it for essential use. This system designs a method for harvesting this human locomotion energy with the use of piezoelectric sensor and controller based on the IoT concept. The ground reaction force (GRF) exerted from the foot, when converted to voltage by piezoelectric sensors, is capable enough to power up a device. Successive exertion leads to aperiodic voltage build up which with proper circuitry can be used to charge a storage battery. It also promotes green energy and an environmentally friendly approach towards energy generation. In this system we have provided the basic concept and design details of this model and a basic implementation of the same.

A Review on Friction Stir Processing of Aluminium alloy.

2021-10-06T18:05:20+00:00

Light metal alloys/composites having high strength are very much in demand for aerospace, defence and automotive applications. Additive Friction stir processing (AFSP), a solid state thermo-mechanical microstructure modification process, has established as a propitious technique for fabricating aluminium matrix composites (AMCs). Though substantial advancement is made over the past few years, few challenges still remain in this area. In this review paper an attempt is made to furnish the latest advancements in the domain of AFSP of 7XXX series Al-alloys with special focus on microstructural modification and mechanical property enhancements. This paper discusses about the various additives (reinforcements) added in 7XXX Al-alloys to fabricate surface composites

Design and Manufacturing of Centreless Wheel Assembly

2021-10-06T18:06:52+00:00

Race cars really don’t always need a central hub. Hubless or centreless wheels technicallyarenotwithoutahub.Instead,thehubisaslargeasthewheelitselfandthe uprightismountedontheinteriorsideofthehub.Theuseoflightweight materialsand the dispensation with a central module significantly reduces the unsprung mass. The brake disc on the inside receives enhanced cooling and the diameter can be increased for the purpose of efficient braking. Although hub-less wheels are striking in appearance, their numerous practical disadvantages have precluded their widespread use as an alternative to conventional wheels. They are difficult and expensive to manufacture, requiring a great deal of precision machining, and the design leaves the discandothermechanicalpartslargelyexposedtotheelements.Useofcentrelessdoes not define the necessity of wheel centre; hence the mass in that case can beeliminated. Bringingitsweighttominimumpossiblevaluewasourprimaryconcern.Lighteristhe unsprung mass, more rapidly will the tire overcome the cornering forces and the vibrations will be damped faster. Lowering the unsprung mass will result in lower rotational mass moment of inertia. Hence, bringing its weight to minimum possible value was our primary concern. Our objectives are to study the forces acting on wheel assemble in dynamic condition and validate the same for designed centre-less wheel assemble. To study the various modes of failure for assemble in dynamic condition Improve the damper performance by reducing overall weight of wheel assemble so to reduce unsprung mass. To enhanced cooling of brake disc so the diameter can be increased for the purpose of efficientbraking

Revenue Generation through Implementation of Gst In India: A Tax Resilience Approach

2021-10-06T18:34:30+00:00

The Government of India expects tax collection to increase into the double digits once again. Despite it having met its optimistic expectations in recent years, the government's prediction this time could not be too far-fetched. However, according to Forecast 2021, the total tax collection forecast for 2020-21 was reduced to Rs 19 lakh crore from Rs 21.6 lakh crore declared in the previous bill. Nonetheless, the government estimates a 16.6% growth in total tax collection to Rs 22.17 lakh crore in the fiscal year 2021-22. The updated forecast for net government revenue for FY22 is Rs 15.45 lakh crore, similar to Rs 13.44 lakh crore for FY21. This is also a 14.9 percent increase from the 8.7 percent growth forecasted last year.

This current paper focuses on various aspects of the Central Government of India on Revenue Generation through Implementation of GST in India, a model as an Tax Resilience Approach.

Web Based Machine Learning Application for Heart Disease Prediction

2021-10-06T18:36:19+00:00

In the healthcare sector, doctors are facing many issues for predicting diseases. Coronary heart disease is one of them and it should be managed precisely and efficiently. Hospitals & clinics are offering costly therapies and operations to treat heart disease. Therefore, prediction of heart diseases at an early stage will give insight to doctors. Optimized solution for this problem can be solved by machine learning techniques. Machine learning in healthcare helps to analyze the tons of data & provide precise outcomes. In this work we have referred to some previous papers and improved their accuracy. And then compared the accuracies of machine learning algorithms like Decision tree, Random forest, KNN and SVM.

Heart disease prediction is considered a classification-based problem. So, the Random Forest classifier is the most accurate algorithm which gives accuracy of 97% and it is a suitable model for further processes. In addition, deployment of machine learning models using web applications is done with the help of flask framework, HTML, GitHub and Heroku server. Under deployment, the webpage will take input attributes from the user and give the output regarding the patient’s condition with probability in percentage for occurrence of coronary heart disease in upcoming ten years.

Two-Way Authentication System

2021-10-06T18:37:48+00:00

All need to use stronger passwords which should not include our names, sequential number and birthdates even if these are easy to remember. But strong passwords are hard to remember so, the solution is Two-Factor Authentication (2FA). Two-factor authentication, also called multiple-factor or multiple-step verification, is an authentication mechanism to double check that your identity is legitimate, and this does not require transferring data over the internet. The two-factor authentication security feature has the following advantages: Enhanced security, helps in fraud prevention, Easy for users to understand and enable, Easier and quick account recovery.

Classification of Attacks on Autonomous Cars

2021-10-06T18:39:21+00:00

Automotive manufacturers have stated that completely autonomous driving, referred to by Tesla Motors as FSD, will become a part of the market in the coming years, and by 2030. There are a lot of advantages once FSD comes out of beta into general availability. Driver-assist features have been made available for a long time and saved countless hours in driving. Such features also help people like the elderly and specially challenged groups of people who are impaired from one of their limbs and are unable to drive cars. However, there is another aspect that should not be completely ignored.

Nowadays cars are fast progressing towards completely self-driving themselves on roads, however, we also must be increasingly careful as we add more and more features to our cars. The more connected the vehicle infrastructure and onboard electronics are, the easier it becomes for someone with mala fide intentions to break in and gain access to exploit it to do things according to their own will.

The increased connectivity combined with autonomous driving functions poses a considerable threat to the vast socio-economic benefits promised by AVs. However, there is not much historical data available on autonomous driving which means that traditional methods of risk assessment become ineffective. Thus, the authors are trying to explore the security aspect of connected cars and autonomous driving technology. Through this research, they want to provide cybersecurity professionals and automakers with the tools and knowledge to identify vulnerabilities, exploits and even give recommendations for mitigating any threats to the car and onboard computing infrastructure. Anyone who is working towards making cars safer like policymakers, professionals can find our project to be extremely helpful to them for their research. The analysis has been conducted by using a prototype based on Reinforcement Learning (RL), Proximal Policy Optimisation (PPO), and Sim2Real learning.

Curvature Prediction and Lane Detection on Road using CNN Algorithm

2021-10-06T18:40:39+00:00

In the field of independent vehicles, Lane identification is viewed as the main part in lessening the quantity of mishaps and dangers. Nonetheless, path discovery is a troublesome issue due to the changing street conditions that one can experience while driving. In this Paper, a profound learning procedure is utilized to identify the curved way in self-governing vehicles. In this venture a tweaked path discovery calculation was actualized to recognize the shape of the path. By planning point to point in each edge 80-90% figuring productivity and precision is accomplished in recognizing way. To accomplish more exactness commotion eliminating channels are utilized.

Design of Single Phase Smart Energy Meter

2021-10-06T18:42:12+00:00

Energy meters, undoubtedly, have a very important role to play in the power distribution. The proposed system presents single phase electrical energy meter based on a micro-controller. It can measure various supply parameters including voltage, current and power consumed. This electronic meter does not possess any rotating parts and the energy consumption can be easily read from LCD. Besides that, energy consumption is stored in the microcontroller’s EEPROM memory. This action is necessary to ensure a correct measurement even in the event of an electrical outage or brown out. As soon as the supply is restored, the meter restarts with the stored value. Such System uses MODBUS RTU communication protocol. To check the performance and then testing of the meters the IS standard IS 13799 can be used.

IOT Based Green-house Monitoring

2021-10-06T18:43:36+00:00

In recent scenario of climate change and its effect on the environment has motivated the farmers to install greenhouses in their fields. But maintaining a greenhouse and its plantation is very labour intensive and majority of them perform vital operations intuitively. With available Greenhouse Monitoring systems, it’s not much affordable for farmers to implement such technologies. In this paper, authors propose a system, that is cost effective and easy to design by using technologies Internet of Things (IOT). A wider area of controlling using sensors like temperature sensor, humidity sensor, moisture sensor and light parameters sensing is covered in proposed system. To control environment parameters in real life scenario, actuators are used for particular parameters All the controlling activities are done with the help of PIC microcontroller. For future purpose sensor outputs values can be stored on cloud so that stored data can be used for analysis in evolving technologies like AI. The proposed system works with least human interference and affordable for farmers.

Identification of Leukemia Using Convolution Neural Networks

2021-10-06T18:45:16+00:00

Leukemia is a type of malignant blood cell cancer that can affect both children and adults. In order to get the most effective treatment, the patient needs early diagnosis. Therefore, a support system is needed for early diagnosis to guide treatment for patients with Leukemia as soon as possible. This paper is focused on with the purpose of fast and early detection of Leukemia cell to prevent spreading of the cancer in patient’s body and to the treatment for patient. The proposed system uses convolution network that inputs a blood cell image and output whether cell is infected with cancer or not. The common algorithm for this approach consists of several rigid steps. The basic idea to develop a system which detect the Leukemia from blood cell images with more precision.

Melanoma Detection Using Support Vector Machine

2021-10-06T18:46:44+00:00

Skin cancer is a major disease caused by exposure of ultraviolet light. Among the four types of skin cancer as Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma, melanoma is most capricious being a fatal disease if not cured in its early stages, such dermatological disease is most difficult to diagnose due to its complexity and subjectivity to manual interpretation. The skin cancer detection technology is broadly divided into four basic components, viz., image pre-processing which includes, de-noise, sharpening, resize of the given skin image, segmentation which is used for segmenting out the region of interest from the given image. In this paper, authors have used k-means segmentation. The classification algorithm used here is Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN); the latter being used for comparison purpose.

Implementation of Speech Recognition Based Eye Vision Test

2021-10-06T18:48:34+00:00

In today’s world, many underdeveloped countries often neglect eye care due to lack of awareness. Our idea describes a speech recognition-based eye test which is capable of performing the entire Snellen eye test on its own and estimates one's visual acuity. The test uses a few random letters like "A", "E", "I", "R", and "L" with the same 6 possible text sizes for each of these letters. The user speaks his/her guess into the microphone. The speech recognition portion uses energy thresholding. The system will then determine the next step based on whether the user guessed the displayed letter correctly or not. If the user guesses enough correctly, the text size will continue getting smaller and If the user guesses too many letters incorrectly, the system will display the result corresponding to the current text size. The thresholds for amount guessed and amount guessed correctly are set in the code. The software used for this Project is Python for Raspberry Pi

Implementing Optical Port Data Communication in Energy Meters using DLMS/COSEM

2021-10-06T18:50:09+00:00

Energy meters are used for commercial purposes to record consumption of energy by consumer and correspondingly billing the consumer. Indian metering industry is a heterogeneous one with multiple communication protocols so even though there are many communication technologies used today for meter reading applications they lack the properties of interoperability and homogeneity. The presented solution describes a microcontroller-based device, which works on an Open Protocol, that provides real time local data display and record, for several electrical parameters, acquired from a power and energy meter device through optical communication. The open protocol used here is IEC 62056, which helps to overcome most of the challenges regarding data acquisition, uniformity and homogeneity among various energy meter manufacturers in India. The proposed system focuses on DLMS COSEM Metering application protocol and provides guidelines on the implementation of DLMS COSEM in clients (data collection units) as well as in servers (Meters). The device is designed to be connected in a home, or residence, which makes it very useful as an interface for Optical Port Data Communication.

Image Annotation Generation using Deep-Learning

2021-10-06T18:51:38+00:00

The paper tends to aim at creating automated captions by learning the contents of the image. Nowadays images are interpreted with human interference and it becomes a nearly unbearable task for enormous commercial records. The image recordsare given as input to a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)) encoder for generating “thought vector” which extracts the features and enhances objects out of our image and RNN decoder (as a “Long Short-Term Memory”) is used to translate the features given by our image to obtain a sequential, meaningful description of the image. In this paper, we are going to explain the survey about image captioning and our proposed system.

Behavioral Tracking Analysis using AI

2021-10-06T18:53:12+00:00

One of the critical parts of an educational program is the exam and educational programs on an online platform are no exception. During the exam, there might be a possibility of malpractice so its detection and prevention are important. To prevent this an online proctored system is at most important. This system monitors the test takers continuously similar to human supervision. The objective behind this is to avoid any malpractice happening by detecting their voice, active window, gaze. It reduces the workload required for identifying, verifying, and communicating with off-campus proctors.

Design and Modelling of Automatic Temperature Check and Sanitization System Using Raspberry Pi

2021-10-06T18:54:38+00:00

As COVID19 virus is becoming very threatening, it has made the biggest pandemic ever faced all over the world. The pandemic situation cannot be controlled immediately but by taking safety measurements virus spread and infection can be avoided. Health safety, sanitization and hygiene maintenance must be top priority for all people and should be followed positively. So, to ease the process of safety measurement, this process can be automated with Automatic Temperature check and Sanitization system using Raspberry Pi. With implementation of this system safety of people in the public places can be assured. This system is helpful in body temperature check of people, sanitization and also with the crowd control. This system will ensure that only safe and sanitized people will enter public place such as banks, shops, offices etc. The main advantage of this system is that, it is automatic process so manual work effort, time and human to human virus spread is avoided.

Devanagari Character Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Network

2021-10-07T02:53:10+00:00

In the last few years, we can see many articles have published on optical character recognition (OCR). Nowadays there are many commercial OCR systems present in the market, most of these systems work for Roman, Chinese, Japanese, and Arabic characters. In India, we have 12 different scripts but there is no sufficient work is done on Indian language character recognition. In this paper, we are focusing on the Devanagari script which is used in different languages like Hindi, Sanskrit, Nepali, Marathi, Sindhi, and Konkani. Recently deep learning is replacing other pattern recognition techniques. Deep learning is the right choice to handle the challenges are involved in applications like character recognition, which involve a large amount of the database and variability in the data, we are using the Convolutional Neural Network for the feature extraction and the classification followed by pre-processing. This approach has been proven effective and accurate in identifying characters in a digital format.

Deep Learning Based Detection and Classification Bone Fractures

2021-10-07T02:57:03+00:00

Bone fracture is a typical issue because of mishap, osteoporosis and pressing factor. Also, bone is unbending segment and supports the entire body. Consequently, the bone fracture is taken as a significant issue as of late. Bone fracture location utilizing PC vision is getting increasingly more significant in Computer Aided Diagnosis framework since it can assist with diminishing responsibility of the specialist. AI and image classifier can be utilized to effectively identify bone fracture and can characterize them. In this work X-beam/CT images are utilized for bone fractures investigation. The point of this venture is to build up a image preparing based proficient framework for a speedy and exact characterization of bones from the data acquired from the X-beam/CT. Images of the broken bones are acquired from emergency clinics and handling procedures like pre-preparing, division, edge recognition and highlight extraction strategies are received. The prepared image will additionally arranged into broke or non-fractured bone and look at the exactness of various strategies. This venture is completely evolved in python with the programming apparatus for stacking image, image preparing and UI advancement. Results got exhibit the presentation of the bone fracture identification framework.

CNNs Framework for Group Activity Recognition

2021-10-07T03:00:56+00:00

Human group activity recognition has drawn the attention of researchers worldwide because of the significant role it plays in many applications, including video surveillance and public security. To ensure high detection accuracy, current state-of-the-art tracking techniques require human supervision to identify objects of interest before automatic tracking can take place. Activity recognition in humans is one of the active challenges that finds its application in numerous fields such as, medical health care, military, manufacturing, assistive techniques and gaming. Due to the advancements in technologies the usage of smartphones in human lives become inevitable. The sensors in the smartphones help us to measure the essential vital parameters. These measured parameters enable us to monitor the activities of humans, which we call as human activity recognition. In this System, we present a framework based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for group activity recognition.

Car Damage Classification Based on Deep Learning

2021-10-07T03:02:41+00:00

Nowadays, the rise of automobile industries is directly related to the increasing number of car accidents. So, organizations like insurance companies and others are facing a lot of claims leakage and problems of delay in processing it. To reduce the load, artificial intelligence based on machine learning and deep learning algorithms can help to solve these kinds of problems. In this project, we are going to apply deep learning-based algorithms like VGG16 and VGG19 to classify damage and also used dataset which is manually augmented. The algorithms used helps in detecting damaged parts of a car and assess its location and severity. Initially, we discover the effect of domain-specific pre-trained CNN models, which are trained on the ImageNet dataset and followed by fine-tuning along with CAM (Class Active Mapping). Then we apply transfer learning in trained VGG models and used some techniques to increase the accuracy of our system. Based on the performance of VGG models, we will come to know which VGG model is better for our system. After analyzing and implementing our models, we came to know that the results of using which technique can work better and will give better accuracy. This project will reduce the human efforts and give prompt results.

Deep Joint Demosaicking Using Convolution Neural Network

2021-10-07T03:04:38+00:00

Digital images are playing very important role in research and technology which are used in face recognition, automatic license plate recognition, finger print recognition, signature recognition, satellite television, magnetic resonance imaging, computer tomography etc. Images are used in various fields like medical and education but images often degraded by noise. Noise can occur during image acquisition, transmission, reproduction etc. If the images are corrupted by noise then the quality of images will be reduced. To retain the original image from the noise corrupted image denoising techniques are used. Denoising means removal of unwanted information from an image. Image denoising model is used to remove the edges when preserving the edges. Generally the Gaussian and salt Pepper noise occurred in images of different quality due to random variation of pixel values. To denoise these images, it is necessary to apply various filtering techniques. So far there are lots of filtering methods. The aim of this work to eliminate the Gaussian and salt Pepper noise using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN).

Automated Skin Disease Recognition Using CNN

2021-10-07T03:06:22+00:00

This paper proposed a system of detection of skin diseases that can be applied to Teledermatology. Our system will classify skin diseases on Database images using the Deep Learning algorithm, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Skin problems not only injure physical health but further psychological problems, especially for patients whose faces are damaged or even disfigured. Using smart devices, most people can obtain convenient clinical images of their face skin condition. On the other hand, the convolutional neural networks (CNN) have achieved near or even better performance than citizenry within the imaging field. Therefore, this paper studied different CNN algorithms for face disease of the skin classification supported the clinical Database images. Skin diseases have caused immense economic burdens both in high-income and low-income countries. for each individual, skin problems can have adverse effects on all aspects of life, including interpersonal relationships, work, social functioning, physical activity, and mental state.

Application of Block Chain Technology in Agricultural Supply Chain Management

2021-10-07T03:08:18+00:00

The provenance system of agricultural products is vital for ensuring food safety. However, the middlemen (growers, farmers, sellers etc.), making it hard to manage data and knowledge with a centralized approach. As a result, the assembly procedure remains non-transparent and trust is tough to create. We propose an agricultural provenance system supported techniques of block chain, which is featured by decentralization, collective maintenance, consensus trust and reliable data, so as to unravel the trust crisis in product supply chain. Recorded information includes the management operations (fertilizing, irrigation, etc.) with certain arrangement. Applying block chain techniques to the provenance of agricultural product not only widens the appliance domain of block chain, but also supports building a reliable community among different stakeholders around agriculture production.

Identifying Human Facial Emotions by a Deep Neural Network

2021-10-07T03:09:42+00:00

We are moving towards an era where every aspect of our life is getting automated. So, getting facial emotion analysis done by artificial intelligence is one of the steps towards automation. Facial expressions are of the means of identifying one's emotion.Facial emotion recognition is widely used in fields like psychology, forensics and social media asit is of vital importance to get reliable results in all of these fields.The proposed system will work towards identifying the seven common emotions happy, sad, anger, fear, disgust, surprise, neutral. Neural Networkbased approach is commonly employed for this process and Convolutional Neural Network which is a Deep Neural Network method, is very popular. Haar cascade classifier is used for face detection. A publicly available database is used to test the architecture of the proposed Convolutional Neural Network.

Embedded systems for Geo-fencing and Rescue System for Fisherman (Fisherman Protection System)

2021-10-07T03:11:57+00:00

On a daily basis, we read of numerous Tamil fisherman being captured, jailed, and killed in Sri Lanka. The fundamental reason for this cross-border tragedy is because the countries' marine borders are difficult to detect. Then we had the idea of developing an embedded device that protects fishermen by delivering a signal to the country's borders via the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) . A GPS receiver is used to identify the location of the fisherman's boat. Using GPS, we can determine the current latitude and longitude data and send them to the microcontroller. To identify the precise position, the controller unit compares the current latitude and longitudinal data to the specified value. As a consequence of the device's manufacture, the fishermen were warned that they were approaching the maritime time barrier. The four regions that make up the area are regular region, alert region, region near to restricted region, and restricted region. The LCD will display the usual area while the vessel is in the normal field. When the boat approaches the restricted region too closely, a warning will sound, and the vessel's fuel injection will be decreased by 50% instantly, reducing the boat's speed to 50% automatically. The boat motor is turned off as it enters the restricted area due to the no of supply of energy to the engine.

Generation of a PLC Based Unit Protection Device to Monitor the Abnormal Operation of Transformer

2021-10-07T07:03:52+00:00

Distribution transformers of substation are one of the most important equipment in power system network. Because of the large number of transformers and various components over a wide area in power systems, the data acquisition, condition monitoring, automatic controlling are the important issues. This paper presents design and implementation of automatic control circuits which is used in PLC automation to monitor as well as diagnose condition of transformers, like load currents, transformer temperatures and voltages. The proposed on-line monitoring system integrates a solid state device named PLC (programmable logic controllers). The suggested plc monitoring system will help to detect thefault. PLC based solution is to be provided to get a reliable and fail-safe TRIP signal for Unit Protection devices; in case of abnormal operating condition of a Generator Transformer. This device should monitor the status of large number of analog inputs of all the eighteen cooler units and on sensing failure should generate the respective output signal.

Autonomous Vehicles Parking Using Neuro-Fuzzy

2021-10-07T07:08:16+00:00

Due to high population, traffic congestion problems have become a major issue in today’s world. So it is a need to solve the parking problems and provide an effective and efficient solution for parking of the vehicles. Advanced vehicle Parking is an efficient solution for traffic congestion. The objective of this paper is to design an advanced vehicle parking system which will automatically park the vehicle without the help of driver. As everything in the modern world is going automatic, we have built a system which can automatically sense the empty parking slot and the vehicle is parked automatically. This system not only reduces the human efforts, but also reduces the consumption of space. The advanced vehicle parking assures full safety of vehicle and its owner. This system has shown the concept of an automatic vehicle parking system.

Smart Attendance System And Management

2021-10-07T07:11:39+00:00

Face recognition is an integral part of psychology, forensics and social media. In all these fields, a high degree of reliability of classification is imperative. After we detect the face from input image, specific features of the face are identified. Finally, the face is recognized using deep learning algorithms. Face Recognitionis capable of detecting, tracking, identifying or verifying human faces using a digital camera. We are creating a system that is able to manage and monitor the employee and visitors of an organization using face recognition as an authentication method. After the authentication and verification process, valid visitor’s entry time and date will automatically get saved in software. This system is proposed to enhance the security of an organization from outsider and to mark the entry time and exit time of an employee. Centralize system enables managing and monitoring process more efficient. Cost of development is also taken into consideration as the hardware requirement is very less. Raspberry Pi and surveillance camera is used as hardware. As per the requirement of company our project consists of software which uploads the data on server.

Tool Development for Detection of Sign Language

2021-10-07T07:13:15+00:00

A system was developed which may function a learning tool for starters in language that involves hand detection.This system relies on a skin-color modelling technique, i.e., explicit skin-color space thresholding. The skin-color range is predetermined which may extract pixels (hand) from non–pixels (background). The pictures were fed into the model called the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for classification of images. In supervised learning algorithm is trained with well labelled data. It simply meaning data is already tagged with correct answer. The algorithm learns from the labelled data and predicts outcomes of unforeseen data. From given information machine learning algorithm is trained. The training algorithm is additionally a relation which learns from information then helps to predict the results of unforeseen data. It also learns from the knowledge it's predicted for. In machine learning the prediction gets better and better with the more use of it because it learns from the predictions.

Video Summarization Using Deep Learning Framework

2021-10-07T07:16:26+00:00

Video ssummary is a method of processing raw video into a short form without losing much detail. It covers the issue of choosing a short set of frames or shots for the most important content in the raw video. Most of these methods uses neural network to find difference between video frames without considering the specific details of extracted frames. Some methods use the opportunity to focus on exploring the features of certain frames while ignoring systematic information in video sequence. This paper addresses the matter of a supervised video summarization by using CNN.

Malaria Parasite Detection and Prediction using Blood Smear and Symptoms

2021-10-07T07:18:04+00:00

Malaria stays a big burden on international health, with round two hundred million instances worldwide. Malaria is transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes which infects the red blood cells of the human body. The paper is proposing a malaria detection and prediction system. In this system, two modules are used, the input is given as the csv dataset and image dataset. In first module, the image datasets are pre-processed, in preprocessing the image is converted from RGB to Gray scale, then segmentation is done. After segmentation, data is extracted to check the feature of that image and then classified with CNN algorithm and it gives result as whether disease identified or not. The second module is based on symptoms analysis, the symptoms of a patient are given as an input. The prediction is done using SVM algorithm. This system can be used in hospital and test labs to predict and detect the malaria.

Smart Bridge Crane for Industrial Purpose with Pi Camera

2021-10-07T07:20:03+00:00

Mounted high up at a gantry level, rather than ground level with whole structure moving, Overhead crane is a type of a crane which travels on a fixed rail mounted trucks. Like a small trolley the lifting gear can often move crossways along the horizontal plank. Factories and warehouse are the place where overhead crane are brought into the practise.So as we know that Overhead crane is a Wired Controlled System its intricate to manage so here in this paper we have proposed a Wireless Control System.To stabilize the position in the least possible time is the objective of this proposed idea.So basically the crane will be operated from Voice Commands by the operator so that there will be less restrictions while operating. A Pi camera has been interfaced to the Overhead Crane for the surveillance of the surrounding so that it can capture the routine and unfortunate accidents that may occur.This Paper will make the human results less and will give us the prompt result.In this paper we have proposed our idea till the simulation part where the circuit diagram and the simulation results will give us an idea how the whole system will work accordingly.

Non Invasive Blood Glucose Level Monitoring System for Diabetes Patient using near Infrared Spectroscopy

2021-10-07T07:22:46+00:00

Diabetes is one of the leading non communicable diseases affecting public health. Though it is termed as adeficiency rather than a disease, uncontrolled diabetes will lead to complications resulting in renal failure/liver failure/heart-attack/loss of sight or foot problems leading to amputation if not diagnosed, monitored and treated on time. Inorder to avoid these complications blood glucose level should be periodically monitored. Conventional methodsused for this purpose uses sharp needle which leads to loss of blood and has a risk of infections to the patients. Inorder to overcome such problems, a non-invasive glucose monitoring system is necessary. In this study, we proposea design, a cost effective and non-invasive glucose monitoring device using near infrared spectroscopy techniques.

Comparative Study of Convolutional Neural Network and Support Vector Machine for Emotion Detection from Speech Signal

2021-10-07T07:24:54+00:00

Human emotion recognition plays a key role in developing interpersonal relationship. Depiction of emotions is done by speech, hand and gestures of the body and through facial expressions. Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) has been a topic of research since many years in human machine interface application. Developments of many systems have taken place for solely identifying emotions. This paper explains how a real time system works for detection of a person’s emotion from speech. The classifiers used can predict emotions such as Happy, Angry, Fear, Calm and likewise. The databases used for the speech emotion recognition system are Ryerson Audio-Visual Database (RAVDESS) and Toronto emotional speech set (TESS). The features extracted from these datasets are Energy, Zero Crossing Rate, Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient (MFCC). The study is based on comparison of two classification models: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). To enrich the interface with the system, Tkinter Python package is used for building a Graphical User Interface (GUI).

Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Architectures for Automated Diagnosis of Malaria Parasite

2021-10-07T07:27:06+00:00

This paper proposes the study of implementation and comparative analysis of pre-trainedConvolutional Neural Network (CNN) models architectures on the basis of accuracy for malaria parasite detection. Malaria caused by the Plasmodium parasites, is a blood disorder, which is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. It is detected by trained microscopists who analyse microscopic blood smear images. In recent times, Machine learning technologies have been used for automated diagnosis of malaria. Manual evaluation for diagnosis requires various steps to be performed. Moreover, this process leads to overdue and misguided analysis, even when it comes to the hands of expertise. The performance of pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) dependent DL models as feature extractors for classifying parasitized and uninfected cells is evaluated in this study to help in improved disease screening. We take advantage of transfer learning methodology by examining pre-trained VGG-16, Xception, convolutional neural network (CNN) models with adjusted, densely connected classifiers. We compare the obtained results and visualized them.The proposed models have been evaluated on a dataset containing 13789 healthy and 12188 infected images. The dataset used was taken from National Institute of Health named NIH Malaria Dataset. The use of pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as a promising method for feature extraction for this reason is demonstrated by statistical confirmation of the results.

Classification and Predication of Alzheimer’s Disease using Deep Learning

2021-10-07T07:29:04+00:00

Alzheimer’s disease is anincurable, progressive neurological brain disorder. Alzheimer’s disease causes the brain to shrink and brain cells to die. Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease can help patient with proper treatment and prevent severe brain damage. In this papera deep convolutional neural network model by analysing MRI scans for diagnosis of Alzheimer disease at early stage. performed morphological operations on MRI images to achieve better training set. Segmentation is done on training set that extracts features and gives significant information about Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). This will eventually help doctors to predict the stage of disease and patient will get proper treatment accordingly .Our method uses machine learning algorithms to predict the Alzheimer disease.

Smart Supermarket Billing System Using Python

2021-10-07T10:43:13+00:00

In today’s era unstaffed retail stores have become more popular in recent years and they have had a huge impact on traditional shopping habits. Unmanned retail containers play an important role in this area they can have a significant impact on the consumer shopping experience, while conventional methods based on weighing sensors are unable to detect what the customer is taking. This paper proposes a smart unstaffed retail shop scheme based on image processing, with the goal of determining if the unstaffed retail shopping style can be implemented. An end-to-end classification model trained by the method is developed for Stock Keeping Unit(SKU) counting and recognition based on a data set of images in different scenarios containing different types of SKUand the proposed solution in this study is able to achieve countingaccuracy and recognition accuracy on the test dataset, indicating that the system is efficient.

Water Quality Classification and Spread Velocity Estimation using Deep Learning

2021-10-07T10:50:29+00:00

Water pollution has always posed in a great threat to human health and aquatic life in the water bodies. Such pollution is certainly a major source of diseases like typhoid, diarrhea, jaundice and sometimes can also be fatal especially in the developing nations. So it is necessary to determine the probable contaminants that could be present in water. Therefore,this work focuses on the classification of water contamination based on color which would predict the probable contaminants so that it would be helpful to know what type of harmful contaminants could be present. For the classification of the contaminated water, a total of 850 images with only 6 colours viz. blue, black, brown, red, green and white were considered since the system had to classify into 6 different colour classes. This work mainly focused on the use of machine learning techniques so as to provide an efficient way to carry out the above stated problem. After succinct training with a dataset representing various colours of contaminated water , the deep learning algorithm (CNN) achieved an accuracy around 88%. Along with the water contamination, it was also equally important to address the impurities in water. So a unique method to calculate the spread velocity of liquid impurity in water using basic image processing technique was developed.

Brain Tumor Segmentation of Brain MRI Using Watershed Algorithm

2021-10-07T10:51:41+00:00

One of the life-threatening disease affecting the brain is the brain cancer. Manual segmentation is more time consuming and being susceptible to human bias or mistakes. Detection of the tumor at an early stage becomes necessary in order to save lives. Brain tumor can be detected with the help of MR images. In this paper, we have proposed a method for brain tumor segmentation using deep learning. Here to extract and segment the tumor we used threshold segmentation and watershed segmentation. After the segmentation, morphological operations like image opening, image closing, dilation and erosion were applied to remove the unwanted parts. As a result some useful information in simpler form will be presented in front of the users, especially for the medical staff treating the patient.

Self Harvested Energy Implementation for Smart Hub using Raspberry Pi

2021-10-07T10:52:40+00:00

Smart homes are the components of developing smart cities. In recent years, countries around the world are taking efforts in promoting smart cities. Smart homes are the stimulating technological advancement which will make people’s lives more convenient. The development of smart homes involves access control of the building’s electricity, energy harvesting and storage for the active electronic devices and circuitries and wireless communication for smart switches and smart sockets. In order to design a smart home system, a practical design and implementation of security (access control system) for a building’s power supply which adds a locking feature such that only authorized personnel are capable of altering the facility state of the smart sockets and switches in a building is needed and also a model of energy harvesting and storage system for the active electronic components of the circuitries and wireless communication for smart switches and sockets. The access control involves main four stages (a control unit, a comparator unit, a memory unit and thus the switching unit).The access control system provides a means of access control by having a security keypad that switches ON or OFF the building’s electricity, provided the user knows security pin code. System also harvests and stores energy for all the active electronic devices employing a photovoltaic system with an ultra capacitor energy buffer. The designed secured smart home utilized smart power and switches and message queuing telemetry transport for straightforward controlling energy usage. The experimental results show an improvement in security as well as in energy management building.

Raspberry Pi Based Smart Irrigation System Using IOT

2021-10-07T10:53:31+00:00

Agriculture plays vital role in the development of agricultural country. In India about 70% of population depends upon farming and one third of the nation’s capital comes from farming. Issues concerning agriculture have been always hindering the development of the country. The only solution to this problem is smart agriculture by modernizing the current traditional methods of agriculture. Hence the project aims at making agriculture smart using automation and IoT technologies. The highlighting features of this project includes smart GPS based remote controlled robot to perform tasks like weeding, spraying, moisture sensing, bird and animal scaring, keeping vigilance, etc. Secondly it includes smart irrigation with smart control and intelligent decision making based on accurate real time field data. Thirdly, smart warehouse management which includes temperature maintenance, humidity maintenance and theft detection in the warehouse. Controlling of all these operations will be through any remote smart device or computer connected to Internet and the operations will be performed by interfacing sensors, Wi-Fi or ZigBee modules, camera and actuators with micro-controller and raspberry pi.

Band Rejecting UWB MIMO Antenna to Reduce Mutual Coupling

2021-10-07T10:54:35+00:00

This paper presents an ultra-wideband two element Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna with a band rejection structure. The structure reduces the mutual coupling between the two elements to provide efficient gain. A slot is etched on both the rectangular patches to provide a notch frequency of 6GHz. The resonance of proposed UWB MIMO antenna ranges from 3.2 GHz to 10.2 GHz beneficial for Wi-MAX applications.

Cataract Density Analysis Using Image Processing

2021-10-07T10:58:36+00:00

Medical imaging techniques are used in the medical field for finding solutions of many problems. Different types of imaging techniques are used for different applications. The images are used for clinical analysis to detect the issue in the functioning of that organ or body part. Cataract is a layer formed over the eye lens and that blocks the light which passes through the lens.That will affect the sharpness of the image which is reaching to the retina of the eye. As the result our vision becomes blurred. Most of the time cataract will develop slowly but with time it will grow larger and as it grows larger it covers more part of our lens and distorts the light from entering into the eye. This may lead to complete vision loss. To avoid the cataract is to be detected as early as possible and also proper treatment should be taken. In this paper the digital image processing techniques are used to detect the existence of cataract. Different image processing techniques to detect contours from the image of eye are available. This paper searched for the two different contours of affected and non-affected part of iris. After detecting that the area over which the cataract is present can be defined and also the percentage of that can be calculated and based on that, the proper treatment can be taken to cure that before the major loss.

Oral Cancer Detection Using Image processing

2021-10-07T10:59:53+00:00

One of the most common form of cancer is oral cancer. It was an irrecoverable disease, but if diagnosed and treated early, medical developments have made it curable. Oral cancer is an increase in the number of cells that are capable of impacting neighboring tissues or cells. It occurs when the cells are broken out of balance and the growth or tumor develops. There is a persistent mortality rate, despite a large range of developments in fields such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, early detection of cancer is considerable. Image Processing and Machine Learning are used in this research as a field for detecting oral cancer in the sense of victim datasets. It is then classified using a K-means algorithm. We are designing an application for the health sector that also uses data mining and data extraction for prediction techniques.

IOT Based Hand Gesture Sign to Speech Conversion System for Mute People

2021-10-07T11:00:50+00:00

It's very difficult for mute people to convey their message to regular people. Since regular people are not trained on hand sign language, the communication becomes very difficult. In emergency or other times when a mute person travelling or among new people communication with nearby people or conveying a message becomes very difficult. So here we have designed a system which would enable the mute people to communicate with regular people. In this system webcam is placed in front of mute person. The mute person would put finger in front of web camera and webcam will capture the hand gesture and perform image processing. And hand gestures will be converted into voice for mute people and also message will be displayed on screen.

Identification of Music Genre using Convolutional Neural Network

2021-10-07T11:02:04+00:00

This paper proposes the implementation of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to classify music into its respective genre. The digital entertainment industry is booming right now and people are mostly listening to music online these days. Music plays a key role in our lives. The quantity of music being released on internet platforms is huge. But to manually classify music files is a hectic task for human beings. There is also a good chance of error in case of classification done by humans. The increase amount of work in this field recently has brought a great demand for automatic music genre classification. This paper presents a deep learning approach using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CNN model is trained using GTZAN dataset with ten musical genres and spectrogram of each audio file. The model essentially uses a neural specification to classify the music file into 10 different genres. CNN has good ability to work with various musical patterns. CNN has been mostly used in recent approaches and it is more efficient than standard machine learning approaches.

Smart Accident Detection and Emergency Braking Systems for Vehicles

2021-10-07T11:03:00+00:00

Now a day’s most are busy with their regular activities like their jobs, parties, vacations, textmessages,Facebook,newrelationships,nobodyispreparedtoseemwhat’shappeningaroundthem.InIndia,anaccidenthappensevery60secondsandeachminutes, to be precise, a road mishap snuffs out a life some are often saved if the victim has been given medical aid as soon aspossible.Thisisoftenanintentiontodevelop:SmartAccidentDetectionand Emergency Braking Systems forVehiclesthistechnique has been developed and implemented using the smart sensors and LPC2148 controller. This technique decreases the speedwhen it detects any vehicle or collision particle to avoid accident, if the accident is occurredthen this technique immediately transmitsthe situation of the accident and vehicles condition to the emergency care centre telephone number through Short Message Service(SMS) additionally, to the present this technique sends a SMS if it detects fire accident or vehicle is flipped. With this an extra optionis provided which activates the alarm system. When the accident occurs alarm is set. This is useful when the accident occurs outsidethevillage. Alsoemergencyhelpbuttonisprovidedforemergencysituations.

An Efficient VLSI Architecture for Removal of Impulse Noise in the Image Using Edge Preserving Filter

2021-10-07T11:04:26+00:00

Impulse noise is a common cause of image corruption during image processing and transmission procedures. To achieve low-complexity VLSI architecture, we propose An Efficient VLSI Architecture for Removal of Impulse Noise in Images Using Edge Preserving Filters in this paper. To detect the noisy pixels, we use a decision-tree-based impulse noise detector, as well as an edge-preserving filter. To recreate the intensity values of noisy pixels, an edge-preserving filter and a mathematical morphological filter were used, aswell as an edge-preserving filter and a mathematical morphological filter. In addition, adaptive technology is used to boost the effects of removing random valued impulse noise. In terms of both quantitative assessment and visual efficiency,our proposed methodology outperforms the previous lower-complexity approaches. Furthermore, the results could be equivalent to those of higher-complexity methods. Using TSMC 0.18m technology, the VLSI architecture of our design achieves a processing rate of around 200 MHz the architecture only needs two-line memory buffers and has a low computational complexity. It has a low hardware cost and can be used in a variety of real-time applications.

Review on Smart Energy Meter for Economizing Energy Bills (Prepaid Bill) using IOT

2021-10-07T11:05:43+00:00

While innovative solutions are offered continuously to meet ever increasing energy demands, progressive applications and technologies needing more energy are being developed simultaneously. Given that smart grids are being set up at various locations in the country to address the problem of ever increasing energy demand and with the change in the grid type there is a change required to the traditional metering system. Thus to address this problem, a smart meter has been designed. This smart energy meter incorporates Energy Management System and is connected to the internet to provide seamless control over home loads. The designed energy meter is centered around the concept of real time prices of electricity which vary with time in the installed smart grids and a generalization that Electricity pricing is high during the day time and vice versa has been taken intoaccount.

Diabetic Foot Detection Using Pressure Sensor

2021-10-07T11:06:35+00:00

In this project, as an experiment setup for efficient diabetic foot detection is described. Diabetes also brings neurovascular complications, which results in development of increase in pressure among the regions of the foot. Patients with diabetic polyneuropathy often lose sensations of pain and temperature in their feet, this results in an derisory pressure in their feet, while standing or walking. This may cause injuries in the feet; painless trauma develops and results in ulceration. So taking care of diabetic foot ulcer is required. For that we are introducing the device which will take the reading of the pressure applying on the foot of a diabetic patient , the pressure will be read or sense by the pressure sensor which react on a very low pressures. According to the Normalized Peak Pressure (KPa) values Classification of normal and diabetic neuropathy patients will be done. In this method diagnosis of foot ulceration will be done in an earlier stage thereby the further prevention of ulceration.

Face Recognition for Criminal Identification using Deep Learning

2021-10-07T11:07:35+00:00

Criminal identification has received much attention since it is a fundamental task in intelligent surveillance systems. In Malaysia identification of criminal is done through thumbprint identification. Criminal are very clever nowadays they do not leave their thumbprint on the scene and also evidences on the crime scene. With the advent of security technology, surveillance cameras installed in many public and private areas to observe surveillance activity. The footage of the surveillance camera can be used to identify suspects on scene. The proposed criminal identification system automatically detects the similarity between photo in the footage and recorded photo of criminals, based on facial recognition using CNN algorithm. The proposed method helps the law enforcements to detect or recognize suspect of the case if no thumbprint present on the scene.

Deep Learning Approach for Automatic ModulationRecognition in Cognitive Radio

2021-10-07T11:08:35+00:00

Intelligent radios collect information by sensing signals within the radio spectrum, and the automatic modulation recognition (AMR) of signals is one of their most challenging tasks. Although the result of a modulation classification based on a deep neural network is better, the training of the neural network requires complicated calculations and expensive hardware. The proposed system consists of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) combined with a deep learning-based method, to achieve higher-accuracy AMR that are trained on different datasets. The proposed system adopt dropout instead of pooling operation to achieve higher recognition accuracy. The proposed system is combined with CNNs and is designed for recognition of eight modulation modes of BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, GFSK, CPFSK, PAM4, 16QAM, and 64QAM.These modulation modes are widely used in modern communication systems, including optical communications and satellite communications. When unknown signals are detected, the initial CNN trained on IQ samples is employed to recognize easily distinguishable modulation modes except 16QAM and 64QAM. This CNN does not have the capacity to distinguish between them, but it can separate them from other modulation modes. Therefore, they are categorized into the same class (QAMs), from which the other CNN trained on constellation diagrams can distinguish 16QAM and 64QAM. The experimental results show the efficiency of each of the modulation modes. The system reveals that BPSK modulation has 97% accuracy, PAM4 has 91% accuracy, PAM8 has 88%, PSK4 and PSK8 both have 93% accuracy, QAM4 has 94%, QAM16 has 81% and the final one QAM64 has 87%. The overall system undergoes 90% accuracy which the best value to be measured.

Gender Classification Based on Speech Analysis using DNN

2021-10-07T11:09:34+00:00

Language is one of the significant methods for correspondence; Speech is its fundamental medium by which two individuals can communicate. In this current period, technology based on speech are broadly utilized as it has limitless uses. Speech Recognition (SR), as the man-machine interface assumes a fundamental part in the field of AI and ML where precision is a significant challenge. In this proposed system, a model has been processed where to separate two voices by using DNN techniques. Conversation is made on various methods and approaches of the discourse acknowledgment measure utilizing the DNN. DNN can effectively extract low-dimensional features. Hence the accuracy of speech separation can be improved by the designed system. The main motive is to bring to light the progress made in the field of speech recognition.

COVID-19 detection from chest X-ray imagery using deep learning

2021-10-07T11:10:29+00:00

The COVID-19 pandemic has a rapid spread across the globe & is increasing exponentially, which has deployed life threatening complications ever since it started from China in December 2019. A quick detection of positive cases on corona virus will prevent the further community spread and initiates an earlier treatment to common man. In Recent findings, the images of Chest X ray and CT scan have shown salient features that illustrates the severity of corona virus in lungs. Scientific advancement of Artificial Intelligence in deploying a deep learning based medical field is remaining powerful to handle a huge data with accurate and fast results in medical imaging to diagnose diseases more accurately and efficiently with further assistance in the remote areas. Proposed method is developed for analysing chest X ray images to detect COVID-19, by using convolution 2D techniques that are applied on the open-source datasets of COVID-19 available at GitHub and Kaggle.

Brain Tumor Detection with MRI scan

2021-10-07T11:11:30+00:00

Brain Tumour detection and removal is one of the most challenging issue faced in the field of biomedicine. Early imaging techniques like pneumoencephalography and cerebral angiography had the downside of being invasive and hence the MRI imaging techniques help the surgeons in providing a more robust vision. In this system, Pre-processing, segmentation and morphological operation are the three main stages involved in tumour image processing. After the acquisition of the source image, it's pre-processed by converting the initial image to grey scale additionally high pass filter for noise removal and median filter for quality improvement is provided which is followed by enhancement stage resulting with historgramic equivalent image. Finally segmentation is completed. The above method is useful in generating the reports automatically in less span of time and advancement has resulted in extracting many inferior parameters of the tumour. Keywords- Medium filtering, Gaussian Filter, Anisotropic diffusion Filter, Convolutional Neural Network, Segmentation.

Intelligent Boundary Alert System Using GPS

2021-10-07T11:12:25+00:00

In day-to- day lifestyles we listen approximately many Tamil fishermen being stuck and placed Srilankan custody oreven killed. The sea border among the international locations isn't without difficulty identifiable, that is the primary motive for this go border cruelty. In this paper, a machine the usage of embedded machine which protects the fishermen by the usage of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global machine for communication (GSM). We use GPS receiver to discover the modern-day place of the fishing boat or vessel. Using GPS, we will discover the modern-day range and longitude values and is dispatched to the micro-controller unit. Then the controller unit need to findthe current location by comparing the present latitude and longitudinal values with the predefined value. Then from the result of the comparison, this machine conscious the fishermen that they're approximately to attain the nautical border. The location is split into 4 zones- ordinary sector, caution sector, sector close to restrained sector and subsequently the restrained sector.If the LCD displays normal zone, then the boat is in normal area. The LCD displays warning zone,in case it moves further and reaches the warning zone, If the fisherman ignores the warning or fail to see the display and move further, and if the boat enters the zone nearer to the constrained zone the alarm will turn on and the speed of the boat engine robotically gets controlled by 50%. If the fisherman did not take any reaction about the alarm and move further, the alarm continues to beep as before, then the boat will enter the constrained zone, and once it touches the restricted zone, the boat engine gets off by the control of fuel supply to engine.

Vehicular Emission Monitoring and Alerting System Using IOT

2021-10-07T11:13:32+00:00

Automobile emission is the major contributor to pollution. Authorities which monitor emission standards are Road and Transportation Office (RTO) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Vehicle emits various gases which mixes with atmospheric air decreasing air quality that leads to severe health diseases. Emission of gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide causes air to be polluted leading to global warming also. The problem arises when the rate of emission of gases of vehicles crosses the standardized values. As a solution to vehicular pollution problems, we have designed a system which monitors vehicular emission. For that we have used IoT technique. This system monitors the individual vehicle emission level in real-time process by collecting data from various MQ sensors which is placed at the exhaust of the vehicle. The data collected verifies the standard limits and this information is then to cloud using Internet of Things (IoT) for further process. Vehicle owner gets text message alert if the vehicle exceeds the standard limit. To analyse the data and to verify the emission level of vehicle with the standard limit, the coding has been done in Node-MCU Microcontroller. This system helps in reduction of vehicle emission in the atmosphere.

Stock Price Prediction using LSTM Algorithm

2021-10-07T11:14:26+00:00

This system would look at both conventional and modern stock market forecasting methods. It uses three distinct methodologies to solve the problem: fundamental analysis, technical analysis, and machine learning. This system find support for a weak version of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, which states that while historical prices are meaningless, out-of-sample data can predict future prices. It shows how Fundamental Analysis and Machine Learning can assist investors in making better investment decisions as well as it shows how Technical Analysis has a flaw and provides insufficiently usable data. Based on our findings,Quantopianis used to develop and model algorithmic trading programmes. This article makes use of the concepts of stock estimation, data analysis, natural language processing, and machine learning.

Automated Apple Harvester using Open-CV Algorithm

2021-10-07T11:15:25+00:00

This paper sheds light on the advancements made in the agricultural industry. Digital image processing techniques are now widely used for the ripening estimation of fruits. This work focuses on the study and analysis of the various algorithms and feature extraction techniques that are used for the extracting features from the captured digital images.Incountries like India one of the main challenges faced by the farming industry is the lack of labour. The systemis proposed to inspect an Apple’s ripeness based on colours. The algorithm is implemented using RASPBERRY PI development board.Acost-effective embedded system prototype is proposed for the determination of colour of the fruit. A real time object detection algorithm is implemented to demonstrate the harvesting step, wherein it detects ripe fruits for plucking.

Bird Species Identification using Deep Learning

2021-10-07T11:16:30+00:00

These days some bird species are being found once in a while and whenever discovered arrangement of bird species forecast is troublesome. Normally, birds present in different situations show up in various sizes, shapes, shadings, and points from human viewpoint. Plus, the pictures present solid varieties to recognize the bird species more than sound grouping. Likewise, human capacity to perceive the birds through the pictures is more reasonable. So this strategy utilizes the Caltech-UCSD Birds 200 [CUB-200-2011] dataset for preparing just as testing reason. By utilizing deep convolutional neural organization (DCNN) calculation a picture changed over into grey scale arrangement to produce signature by utilizing tensor stream, where the numerous hubs of correlation are created. Test examination on dataset shows that calculation accomplishes an exactness of bird distinguishing somewhere in the range of 80% to more than 90%The trial study is finished with the Ubuntu 16.04 OS utilizing a Tensor stream library.

Design and Modelling of Self Driving Prototype Using Image Processing

2021-10-07T11:17:47+00:00

This paper focuses on control and automation of intelligent road symbol detection system for vehicles in normal environment conditions. Autonomous cars are the long-term smart cars expected to be driver less, efficient and crash avoiding ideal car of the long term. Now a day’s people losing their life just because of disobeying traffic rules. we are ready to overcome this challenge using image processing because it's higher accuracy and efficiency. during this paper we are presenting road side sign, lane detection and objects detection technique on small scale driver less car. Using this technique, we are able to drive car without human interference so, it'll decrease the human error chances. Camera and ultrasonic sensor work as input sensors, Arduino UNO work as a processor and motor work as an output. Here some samples are already stored in machine and when camera start's doing its work, machine start's training code. Therefore, the car will drive itself and reach to the destination.

Clinical Skin Lesion Diagnosis System

2021-10-07T11:18:49+00:00

Dermatology is one of the important area of prescription that's involved approximately the evaluation and remedy of pores and skin disorders. Skin illnesses are some of the maximum broadly diagnosed clinical problems across the world. Regardless of being common, their dedication is pretty difficult and calls for wide expertise and know-how withinside the area. Skin disorder may reason intense fitness and economic results for sufferers if now no longer detected and managed early. Early popularity can prevent the situation from worsening. This missionoffers the improvement of an automaticpores and skinsicknessprognosisgadget which takes pics of a pores and skinsickness as an entervia way of means of the person and predicts the kind ofpores and skinsickness. The gadgetmakes use of a technique for detection and prediction technique which successfully amalgamates photo processing and gadget learning. In the first stage, the photo of the pores and skincircumstance is issue to severalvarieties of pre-processing strategiesobservedvia way of means ofcharacteristic extraction. The extracted functions for everyphoto are then transformed to a characteristic vector and subsequentlysickness is expectedthe use oftrendy dataset.

Tidal Wave Prediction Using Machine Learning

2021-10-07T11:19:37+00:00

MachineLearning is an application of artificialintelligence where a computer/machine learns from the past experiences (input data) and makes future predictions. The performance of such a system should be at least human level. Machine Learning is generally categorized into three types: Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, Reinforcement learning.
Supervised Learning:In supervised learning the machine experiences the examples along with the labels or targets for each example. The labels in the data help the algorithm to correlate the features. Two of the most common supervised machine learning tasks are classification and regression.Unsupervised Learning: When we have unclassified and unlabelled data, the system attempts to uncover patterns from the data. There is no label or target given for the examples.
Reinforcement Learning: Reinforcement learning refers to goal-oriented algorithms, which learn how to attain a complex objective (goal) or maximize along a particular dimension over many steps.As machine learning technologies improve, they can be adapted to compile a continuous stream of real-time data collected locally with available forecasts into ever evolving and improving machine learning model parameters.

HybridApproachBasedTumourDetection

2021-10-07T11:24:34+00:00

Brain tumour detection is a challenging task and it’s very important to analyse the structure of the tumour correctly so, an automatic method is used now a day for the detection of the tumour. This method saves time as well as it reduces the error which occurs in the method of manual detection. K-mean clustering is used for segmenting the affected area and to show relative affected area. SVMs are used for detecting and classifying tumour affected tissues with not affected tissues. In this project We Perform wavelet transform on the converted gray scale image and extracted 12 features like contrast, correlation, energy, homogeneity etc. DB4 wavelet transform is used for feature extraction.

Diabetic Retinopathy Using Deep Learning

2021-10-07T11:25:31+00:00

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most threatening complications of diabetes that leads to permanent blindness if leftuntreated. One of the essential challenges is early detection, which is very important for treatment success. Unfortunately, the exactidentification of the diabetic retinopathy stage is notoriously tricky and requires expert human interpretation of fundus images. Simplification of the detection step is crucial and can help millions of people. In this project we propose an automatic deep-learning-based method for stage detection of diabetic retinopathy by single photography of the human fundus.Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been successfully applied in many adjacent subjects, and for diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy itself. However, the high cost of big labeled datasets, as well as inconsistency between different doctors, impede the performanceof thesemethods. Inthis project we propose anautomatic deep-learning-based method for stage detection of diabetic retinopathy by single photography of the human fundus. In this system, we analyzed diabetes detectability from retinal images in the Diabetic Retinopathy Database - Calibration Level Raw pixel intensities of extracted patches served directly as inputs into the following classifiers: CNN.

Helmet Identification of Motorcycle Driver Using CNN

2021-10-07T11:26:36+00:00

To ensure the safety measures, the detection of traffic rule violators is a highly desirable but challenging task due to various difficulties such as occlusion, illumination, poor quality of surveillance video, varying weather conditions, etc. In this paper, we present a framework for the automatic detection of motorcyclists driving without helmets. In the proposed system, we have to detect Motorcyclists wearing a helmet or not, for detecting helmets we used a Tensorflow object detection hence we systematically studied the EfficientDetmodelwhich consistently achieves much better efficiency than prior art across a wide spectrum of resource constraints and fined tunned it to detect Helmets.

Solar Powered IOT based Smart Helmet

2021-10-07T11:27:35+00:00

In our day-to-day life large percent people die from road accident. A solution needed to solve problem using a “Smart Helmet”. This smart helmet is a special idea which makes rides safer than before. The main aim of this helmet unless, the person must worn the helmet. It uses wirelessly switching on a bike, so that it will not start without both key and helmet. The concept of GSM and GPS to track the location and provide medical attention to rider and message sent to predefined numbers (police, relative and ambulance). It providing a over speed limit (alert), and emergency call alert to the user\rider. The project runs in a solar power. The trending technology, the Internet of Things (IOT) that is changing our lives day by day. It is creating a new world, quantifiable and measurable world where people and businesses can manage their assets in better informed way and make more timely decisions. This paper proposes a smart helmet for the accident detection using sensors and Raspberry pi with IOT as a domain. The main feature of designing this helmet is to not only to make the helmet smart but also to provide safety to rider.

Prediction of Epileptic Seizure Using CNN

2021-10-07T11:28:25+00:00

Epilepsy is one of the world's most common neurological diseases. Early prediction of the incoming seizures has a great influence on epileptic patients’ life. In this, a seizure prediction technique based on CNN and applied to long-term scalp EEG recordings is proposed. The goal is to accurately detect the preictal brain state and differentiate it from the prevailing interictal state as early as possible and make it suitable for real-time. The raw EEG signals instead of manual feature extraction was used to distinguish ictal, preictal, and interictal segments for epileptic seizure detection. . In our model, we used time or frequency domain signals as inputs for classification. The frequency domain is a coordinate system that describes the frequency features of the signals. A frequency spectrogram reflects the relationship between the frequency and amplitude of a signal and is often used to analyze signal features. We compared the performances of time and frequency domain signals in the detection of epileptic signals. In our study, we used a very simple CNN structure. the CNN included only three main layers, and the network was very simple compared with the deep network. Meanwhile, satisfactory results were obtained. The achieved highest accuracy over 90% and the algorithm can be modified in a way that it works online and alerts in real time.

Modeling of Wireless Energy Transfer Circuit and Implementation of Wi-tricity System

2021-10-07T11:29:19+00:00

The main objective of this paper is to develope a device for wireless power transfer.The concept ofwireless power transfer was realized by Nikolas Tesla. Wireless power transfercan make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering which eliminates the useconventional copper cables and current carrying wires. Based on this concept, the project is developed to transfer power within a small range. This system can be used for charging batteriesthose are physically not possible to be connected electrically such as pace makers (An electronicdevice that works in place of a defective heart valve) implanted in the body that runs on abattery.The patient is required to be operated every year to replace the battery. This is designedcharge a rechargeable battery wirelessly for the purpose. Since charging of the battery is notpossible to be demonstrated, we are providing a DC fan that runs through wireless power.Moreover this technique can be used in number of applications, like to charge a mobilephone, iPod, laptop battery, propeller clock wirelessly. And also, this kind of charging providesfar lower risk of electrical shock as it would be galvanically isolated. This concept is an EmergingTechnology, and in future the distance of power transfer can be enhanced as the research acrossthe world is still going on.

Floating Point ALU Simulation Using VHDL: A Survey

2021-10-07T11:30:22+00:00

VHDL environment is implemented for floating point arithmetic and logic unit design using pipelining; the novelty in the pipelining ALU design offers a high-performance ALU to simultaneously execute several instructions. Four arithmetic modules, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, are combined in the top-down design approach to form a floating point ALU unit. In order to select a specific operation, each module is divided into sub-modules with two selection bits combined. Each module is mutually independent. In the Xilinx12.1i programmed, the modules are realized and tested by VHDL simulation.

Design and Implementation of Visual Cryptography Application for University Result System

2021-10-07T11:31:16+00:00

The new area of research is image cryptography. There are numerous cryptography techniques that have been developed. In order to conceal the visual details (images, text, etc.) in images, many encryption techniques have been used. The primary principle of encryption is the probability of human vision decryption if the right key image is used, known as visual cryptography. Using visual cryptography and digital watermarking, a new method for user authentication is suggested.Using visual cryptography and digital watermarking; a user authentication method is suggested. The original picture, mainly the approved person's photograph, is split into shares. One of the shares is kept within the server and the other is sent by mail to the approved person. When the share is downloaded and submitted to the web by the authorized person, two sections are combined and the user receives a single captcha image containing the password after entering which user can login to the system.

Smart Forgery Detection for Signatures Using Deep Learning and Neural Networks

2021-10-07T11:32:12+00:00

Smart forgery detection for signatures using deep learning and neural networksis a system that will play an important role in authentication of an individual‟s signature. Hence for various security purposes, the above stated system will be useful for instance at banks, legal documentations, government organizations, investigation purposes, business, automatic data entry etc.This system is trained on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that works well with the data set of 300 images. CNN has been implemented in Python using Keras with TensorFlow backend. It will compare the data set images with the image (of signature) provided by the user and hence output will be predicted whether the given image is authentic or forged.This system is expected to yield an accuracy of 80-85%. Also this system is practical and accurate enough to be deployed. Hence the above stated system successfully recognizes and identifies the signature of and individual. The planned system is highly economical and its accuracy can be increased by training this model on more data set.

Leaf Diseases Detection for Tomato Plant with Use of Neural Network

2021-10-07T11:34:29+00:00

The tomato plant is the most comprehensively developed produce in India. The serious issue that the ranchers all throughout the planet face is misfortunes, due to nuisances, sickness or a supplement insufficiency. They rely on the data that they get from the farming divisions for the determination of plant leaf infection. This process is lengthy and complicated. Here comes a system to help farmers everywhere in the world by automatically detecting plant leaf diseases accurately and within no time. The main objective of this system is to acquire more reliable performance in the identification of diseases. Amidst various plant diseases that affect leaf comprise of Late blight, bacterial and viral diseases have been chosen to differentiate infected leaves from that of the healthy leaves includes Late blight, bacterial and viral diseases. The proposed model is designed in such a way that it effectively identifies specific diseases that affect leaves of tomato plants through the use of a huge dataset. We have proposed tomato leaf Disease Prediction using CNN Techniques.

Leaf Disease Detection for Plant Using Image Processing

2021-10-07T11:35:34+00:00

Agriculture gave birth to civilization. Being an agricultural country, India’s economy is largely based upon crop production. Agriculture is the backbone of every economy. In a country like India which has ever-increasing demands for food due to the rising population, advances in the agriculture sector are required to meet the need. The agriculture sector needs an enormous up-gradation to survive the changing conditions of the Indian economy. For optimum yield, the crop should be healthy; therefore some highly technical method is required for periodic monitoring of the crop. Crop disease is one of the main factors which indirectly influence the significant reduction of both the quality and quantity of agricultural products. Several sorts of pesticides are available to control diseases and increase production. But finding the foremost current disease, appropriate and effective pesticide to control the infected disease is difficult and expert advice is required which is time-consuming and expensive. The presence of disease on the plant is especially reflected by symptoms on leaves. So, there is a requirement of an automatic, accurate, and fewer expensive Machine Vision System for the detection of diseases from the image and to suggest a correct pesticide as a solution. Detection of disease through some automatic technique is really useful because an oversized work of watching in huge farms of crops is reduced by it and at the terribly early stage itself it detects the symptoms of diseases means that after they appear on plant leaves. This system presents a neural network algorithm for image segmentation technique used for automatic detection still because the classification of plants and survey on completely different diseases classification techniques that may be used for plant leaf disease detection. Image segmentation, which is a really important aspect for malady detection in plant disease, is completed by a victimization genetic algorithm. Deep learning is a hot research topic in pattern recognition and machine learning at present; it can successfully solve these problems in vegetable pathology. In this study, we propose a new sorghum leaf disease detection method based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) techniques. To improve the detection accuracy of sorghum leaf diseases and reduce the number of network parameters, the Alex Net model based on deep learning is proposed for leaf disease detection.

Identification Defect in Steel Microstructure

2021-10-07T11:36:28+00:00

It is tried and tested that optical and electronic microscopy images of steel material specimen could be categorized into phases on preset ferrite/pearlite, spheroidized, ferrite, pearlite, and martensite type microstructures with image processing and statistical analysis which include the machine learning techniques. Though several popular classifiers were get the reasonable class-labelling accuracy, the random forest was virtually the best choice in terms of overall performance and usability. The present categorizing classifier could assist in choosing the appropriate pattern recognition method from our library for various steel microstructures, which we have recently reported. That is, the combination of the categorizing and pattern recognizing methods provides a total solution for automatic classification of a wide range of steel microstructures. In this work we present an innovative approach for metallurgical sample identification and error calculation based on imaging classification with classic machine learning algorithms.

Deep Learning Based Pneumonia Detection

2021-10-07T11:37:23+00:00

Pneumonia is a fatal disease that immensely affects the elderly and may prove to be life threatening. Early diagnosis of Pneumonia gains a primary importance for saving many human lives. This work aims at the detection and classification of patients affected by Pneumonia based on their chest X-rays.Unlike other deep learning classification tasks with sufficient image repository, it is difficult to obtain a large amount of pneumonia dataset for this classification task; therefore, we deployed several data augmentation algorithms to improve the validation and classification accuracy of the CNN model. Deep Learning models automate the process and ensure speedy, adroit, and adept results when provided with X-rays of patients. The accuracy should increases as the model trains and decreases the loss simultaneously. Overfitting is may be prevented by implementing data augmentation before fitting the model. This model could help attenuate the reliability and comprehensibility challenges often faced when dealing with medical imagery.

Detector for Tonsillitis Using Sobel Edge Detection and Gabor Filter

2021-10-07T11:38:12+00:00

Tumors,Tonsillitis,andmuchmorediseasescanbedetectedintheearlystagesandcan be healed. For this a new idea for efficient Gabor filter design with efficient noise reduction, less power consumption and reduced memory usage is proposed in this paper. The filter design is befitting for detecting the infancy of disease using textural properties of anatomical structures. analysis of image finds application in an expansive range, namely tumor detection, security purpose by keeping an eye on captured images, diagnosis of infancy diseases in various parts of the body, and so on. Image segmentation plays a significant role in the analysis of the image to make a better form of an input image for its analysis in the next phase. Segmentation is a crucial element in image analysis to maintain less processing time and to arise proper meaning in the presence of large puzzlement and noises in the image. The significant challenge in image fragmentation is to attain quicker estimation and a cheap rate without disturbing the basic attribute of the image.

IOT AND DDoS ATTACK

2021-10-07T11:39:16+00:00

The expected advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has triggered an oversized demand of embedded devices, which envisions the autonomous interaction of sensors and actuators while offering all form of smart services. Be that because it may, these IoT gadgets are restricted in computation, storage, and network capacity, which makes them simple to hack and settle. To accomplish secure improvement of IoT, it's important to style adaptable security arrangements upgraded for the IoT ecosystem. during this work, we propose to tentatively assess an entropy-based solution to detect and mitigate DDoS attacks in IoT situations utilizing a SDN data plane. The results obtained exhibit interestingly the adequacy of this method specializing in IoT data traffic. this text digs into handling the DDoS assault go off by malicious wireless IoT on IoT servers. Our security conspire use the cloud and programming characterized network (SDN) world view to moderate the DDoS assault on IoT servers. we've got proposed a unique mechanism that detects DDoS utilizing a semi- supervised machine-learning and mitigates DDoS. We accomplished an improved exactness rate in recognizing DDoS attack.

Machine Learning Based Stress Detection System

2021-10-07T11:40:10+00:00

The main aim of this paper is to design and identify stress using machine learning approach. Proper detection of stress can conveniently prevent many psychological as well as physiological problems such as cardiovascular sicknesses, arrhythmia, diabetes. In our project we will be using three important features from ECG signal to detect stress - QT interval, RR interval and EDR. Using machine learning the model is trained with a set of combinations of ECG features and different SVM types. The model which gives better accuracy is selected. This project will be helpful in biomedical applications if the required performance level is achieved. Until now, only HRV(heart rate variability) is used as the main feature to detect stress. We will be using three important features from ECG signal to detect stress-QT interval, RR interval, EDR. The outcome of this project will be to select the best model with greater accuracy using all the features.

Vedic Multiplier

2021-10-07T11:41:00+00:00

The principle reason for the venture is to improve the speed of the computerized circuits like multiplier since adder and multiplier are one of the key equipment parts in superior frameworks like microchips, advanced sign processors and FIR filters and so forth Consequently we generally go after great multiplier design to expand the productivity and execution of a framework. Vedic multiplier is one such fast multiplier architecture. This 'Vedic Mathematics' name is based on the techniques used for calculations which are depended on some of principles and rules, by using these any of problems can be solved in arithmetic, algebra, geometry or trigonometry. Vedic Multiplier plays a significant role in the processors. The Vedic mathematic requires more processing time as compared to other mathematic operations on system. Vedic mathematic is the old Indian arrangement of mathematic. It has a novel strategy of calculations dependent on 16 Sutras. UrdhvaTiryagbhyam is the increase sutra between these 16 sutras, which implies vertical and crosswise.

A Survey on a Mobile Robot to Observe and Protect Agricultural Crops

2021-10-07T11:41:59+00:00

The project illustrates the implementation of a complete agricultural robot for farming. This is developed by the integration of an ARM controller, a set of sensors for navigation between rows, DC Gear Motor. The new technologies can serve efficiently for many problems by overcoming the limitations of the previous one. The system incorporates actuators and relevant sensors to measure and monitor the critical parameters that adversely control the motion of an agricultural robot as well as the operations to perform. Ultrasonic sensor-based row guidance with distance measuring to drive an agricultural robot through the row crops in the field. The new real-time control to avoid collision and advancing towards the target at row end. Nowadays many industries are using robots to help human beings. MATLAB based image processing technique with image enhancement by enhancing the contrast and image segmentation by K means clustering along with the classification of multiple diseases and healthy leaves using Multi-Class SVM. Image acquisition using live streaming through ESP32 Camera Module.

A Study on Smart Irrigation System Using IoT for Surveillance of Crop-Field

2021-10-07T11:42:48+00:00

In India, agriculture plays a crucial role for development in food production. In our country, agriculture depends on the monsoons which aren't sufficient source of water. therefore the irrigation is employed in agriculture field. Internet of Things (IoT) may be a milestone within the evolution of technology. IOT plays a crucial role in many fields, one among that's Agriculture by which it can feed billions of individuals on Earth in future. the target of this paper is getting to overcome this challenge, the entire system is micro control based and may be operated from remote location through wireless transmission so there's no got to concern about irrigation timing as per crop or soil condition. Sensor is employed to require sensor reading of soil like soil moisture, temperature, air moisture and deciding is controlled by user (farmer) by using microcontroller. the info received from sensors are sent to server database using wireless transmission. The irrigation are going to be automated when the moisture and temperature of the sector is reduced. The farmer is notified with the knowledge regarding field condition through mobile periodically. this technique are going to be more useful in areas where there's scarcity of water and can be worth efficient with satisfying its requirements.

Smart Landslide Detector

2021-10-07T11:43:40+00:00

A landslide is geological phenomenon that includes wide range of ground movements. It is in general mass movement across steep slopes and occur in regions with heavy precipitation and some activity in tectonic plates. A Smart Landslide detector can help us in monitoring of the saturation of the soil as well as vibrations from the ground, through this we can effectively can keep eye on upcoming disaster before it hits a geographical area. This can help to save the number of lives and prevent the losses of life and property as people be aware of upcoming landslide. Internet of Things (IoT) plays very crucial role in connecting all the necessary components with each other in such a manner that the real time values could be detected and sent over to control unit . Moisture sensor and vibrating sensor employed that detects and send real time data values to the control unit as some critical value will be set for this sensor, if the value exceeds critical value the people will be notified about Landslides through WebApp and SMS system such that premature evacuation can be done.

Advance Drone for Border Security and Surveillance

2021-10-07T11:44:27+00:00

The multicopter is Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) that may have many applications. As we are developing gradually from a century old design, modern multicopters are turning into small and agile vehicles. A number of multicopter configurations were studied for this project and finally quad rotor configuration was selected. Our present focus is on developing a suitable design configuration for a quadcopter. The design was started by the approximate load the quad copter should carry and weight of each component. Based on this weight of the quadcopter, the appropriate motors and corresponding electronic components were selected. The selection of components for the structure was based on weight, forces acting on them, mechanical properties and cost. First person view (FPV) was incorporated into the system to carry to surveillance with the help of IP camera. Since this quadcopter is specially designed an unconventional landing gear.

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Human Machine Interface (HMI) Application for Corrosion Testing Machine

2021-10-07T11:45:23+00:00

Main motive of this project is to design corrosion testing machine which is able to identify the corrosion formation in any type of metals and coatings, from this testing process we can improvise the life span of the particular metal job. This test allows us to compare relative corrosion resistance of different coatings in conditions that try to mimic actual corrosive environment. The corrosion testing machine is adapted to be operated in sequence to faithfully reproduce corrosive conditions. Namely, at first the salt spray is produced, and then the specimens are rinsed, then dried by hot or ambient air, and cooled. It will be understood that this cycle of operation, reproducing outdoor conditions, provides a test which has a high degree of conformity with actual corrosion environment. In this project we integrate PLC and HMI on the system thus automative environment is created. This helps in accelerating the testing, improving reliability and efficiency of the corrosion testing. PLC implementation makes it possible for easy interlocking of machine conditions, increases flexibility and safety. It also helps to modify machine sequence . HMI makes it possible to alter machine parameters online as per requirement of specific job and achieve supervisory control like performance monitoring, start up, shut down and other emergency operations.

Deep Learning Module for Spectroscopic Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria

2021-10-07T11:47:37+00:00

Bacterial infections are a major threat to the health-care sector and a leading cause of death in many countries. According to the study, over 15 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur in the India each year, resulting in over 170,000 deaths. To overcome the problem an intelligent techniques like computer vision in a single stage, it promises label-free bacterial detection, recognition, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Traditional sample clustering is the latest diagnostic approach which is used to detect and identify the bacteria and its antibiotic susceptibility. This procedure is leisure process and it takes around seven days even in acknowledged laboratories. This led to wide range of generic antibiotics in prescription while patient is still waiting for the result. Utilization of antibiotics may cause side effects such as anti-microbial resistance, drug infections, digestive problems, fungal infections. Intelligent technique for rapid, culture free diagnosis of bacterial infection is enabling earlier prescription of target antibiotics and helps mitigate antimicrobial resistance.

Position Control and Object Detection for Security and Targeting using Servo Motor

2021-10-07T11:48:32+00:00

AC Servomotors are widely used in the industries for the control of static and dynamic loads. Precise control of position, speed, and torque are the main issues with the AC Servomotor. AC Servomotors are highly demanded by the industries to have a precise response under dynamic load conditions. Many control techniques are commercially available for the control of AC Servomotor under static and dynamic load conditions.
Positioning servomechanisms were first used in military fire-control and marine navigation equipment. Today servomechanisms are used in automatic machine tools, satellite-tracking antennas, remote control airplanes, automatic navigation systems on boats and planes, and antiaircraft-gun control systems.The proposed system will work towards achieving accurate position control from distance using GUI and Servo motor.Servo motors are known for its feedback which will help the system to be more accurate according to the given Input angle.This system can be used for variety of applications.We are going to use a Camera as an output device. Many autofocus cameras also use a servomechanism to accurately move the lens. In industrial machines, servos are used to perform complex motion, in many applications.

Automatic Railway Track Fault Detection System with Live Video Streaming

2021-10-07T11:49:40+00:00

Most of the Transportation of commercial goods in india is done by the railway network and any damage to these network leads to damage to economy. Indian railway has not yet reached the international standards in terms of the reliability and safety parameters. The main concern about railway network is early detection of any cracks in the structure. If these faults are not detected and repaired at early stages, they might lead to derailments which leads to heavy loss of life and property. Our model proposes a cost-effective solution to the problem of track crack detection using IR transmitter and receiver which detects the crack and feed location through GPS and video feed of the track immediately so that many lives can be saved. There are many advantages when compared with the traditional system i.e. cost effective, lower power consumption and lesser analysis time.

Braille Pad for Visually Impaired People

2021-10-07T11:52:13+00:00

In our everyday life the media transmission innovation assumes a significant part. It has totally progressives the manner in which we convey, particularly significant distance correspondence. In spite of every one of these headway in the media transmission field, the actually disabled individuals have no entrance for these innovations. So as a stage to overcome any barrier between the visually impaired individuals and the innovative progression in the media transmission field we chose to plan a SMS framework for them by interfacing Braille pad with the wireless so double disabled individual can have the admittance to the SMS framework and through which they can take significant notes. Here the client sends the SMS to the visually impaired individual's versatile number which is associated with the microcontroller which peruses the SMS utilizing GSM module through the AT orders and afterward changes over the letters of the SMS into the Braille language utilizing the query table in its memory. With the assistance of 6 transfers Microcontroller (PIC18F4520) vibrates the Braille pad on which the visually impaired individual can peruse the SMS.

A Survey on Deduplication Checking In Cloud Computing

2021-10-07T11:53:08+00:00

Cloud Computing has been one of the hottest buzzwords over the last few years but it is surprisingly known that the people have been using it for more than 10 years. Gmail, Facebook, Dropbox, Skype, PayPal, and Salesforce.com are all examples of cloud solutions which was not thinking about them in these terms. The main idea behind the cloud is that the information can be accessed over the internet without having any exhaustive familiarity of the communications used to enable it. The major services existing in Cloud computing is the Cloud storage. With the cloud storage, data can be stored on multiple third party servers which is not cared by the user and no one knows where exactly data saved. With the increase in size of the data every day, there is a need to handle, manage and mainly to store data, is a major problem faced by the people or organization. This article specifies about the study on space occupied by duplicate data over cloud. Where the data is increasing day by day , at the same time one thing to be noticeable that enough space at cloud is occupied by duplicate data so there is a need to check the data for de duplication at cloud before uploading.

PAPR Analysis of FFT and DWT based OFDM using Clipping Technique

2021-10-07T11:54:07+00:00

In telecommunications, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing is a variety of digital transmission and it is a way of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies. Currently in wireless transmission area, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is under intense research because of its robustness against multipath fading. However, it's some limitations like the Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which restricts its use. It reduces the efficiency of the system. Few powerful and distortion less peak power reduction schemes for OFDM are One investigated technique is chosen mapping (SLM) where the particular transmit signal is chosen from a group of signals and therefore the second scheme utilizes phase rotated partial transmit sequences (PTS) to construct the transmit signal the third one Amplitude clipping is one amongst the best reduction techniques for PAPR. Amplitude Clipping reduces the height level of the sign to a predetermined value. The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of system over clipping technique.

A Literature Survey on Condition Monitoring Techniques for Wheel Flat Detection

2021-10-07T11:55:51+00:00

The skidding of the wheel tread leads to severe localized wear in the wheels i.e. wheel flat. Presence of wheel flats generate impact load and vibration. The wheel flat is one of the many issues causing severe rail stress and sometimes derailment due to rail fracture. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor impact load due to wheel flat. This paper aims to give an overview of the existing condition monitoring techniques, such as on-board and way-side techniques, for detection of wheel flat at an early stage.

Number Plate Detection and Parking Allocation

2021-10-07T11:56:43+00:00

Due to the different types of number plates being used, the requirements of an automatic license plate recognition system are different for each country. In this paper, a number plate localization and recognition system for Indian vehicles. This system is developed based on digital images and can be easily applied to car park systems for the use of documenting access of parking services, secure usage of parking houses and also to prevent car theft issues. Automatic license plate recognition system is to extract vehicle license plate from a video. The paper based on a combination and Image Processing filling up the holes approach method with area criteria test for the number plate localization. Segmentation of the plate characters was achieved by horizontal and vertical scanning method. The character recognition was accomplished with the aid of optical characters by the process of Template matching. We mainly concrete on three steps: one is to locate the number plate, second is to segment all the number and to identify each number separately, third is recognize each character.

Automatic Nuchal Translucency Detection Using CAD-LNet

2021-10-07T11:57:46+00:00

Ongoing research shows that fetal development from the norm may be recognized by evaluating nuchal translucency (NT) in ultrasound images. The width of the nuchal translucency (NT) in ultrasound scans of the infant at 11–14 weeks' gestation is used as a predictor of the likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities. The drawbacks of the existing NT estimating approach is that it is restricted by intra and interpersonal and inter variation, as well as unpredictability of findings. Existing solutions, on the other hand, have a high processing overhead and are hence unsuitable for rapid NT limiting and localisation, which is critical for reliable identification schemes. Deeply learned convolutional networks have recently enabled considerable improvements in performance of NT Region identification. An innovative strategy for learning a state-of-the-art NT Region detection system is discussed in this study. Context Aware Deep Learning Network (CAD-LNet) was used to handle the challenge of boosting the accuracy of NT identification under diverse lighting and posture situations. Proposed method minimizes error to 0.42 whereas other methods error varies between 0.8 to 1.1

Retracted

2021-11-22T17:05:49+00:00

Retracted

Architectural Education: A Step towards Sustainable Teaching Strategies

2021-12-15T09:29:49+00:00

Environmentally sustainable architecture is the basis of a country's long-term growth. Our resources are not unlimited. It is high time to re-visit our teaching methods and awareness of teachers at architecture schools regarding environmental sustainability and start educating our future architects about sustainability. This research paper is a survey-based analysis evaluating the role and awareness of teachers at existing architecture schools focusing on conscious implementation and incorporation of sustainability issues in the curriculum of architectural institutes of Pakistan. A quantitative analysis of the teachings of sustainability was performed at various architectural teaching institutes using a questionnaire. It was found that none of the institutes is teaching sustainability as a separate module, and most of the teachers knew only little about sustainability. Based on this study, recommendations have been made to increase the awareness of teachers about sustainability. It is anticipated that the recommendations of this research would help the institutes train the teachers responsible for producing future architects. The acquired knowledge of the teachers would be transferred to the future architects, who in turn would, by default are expected to create a much-needed green and sustainable environment.